Chapter 25 section 3/4

Section 3

Section 3

Section 4

Section 4

While Britain was prospering under the industrial revolution, the ideas that helped start it would soon reach the rest of europe and eventually america. Britain was keen to make sure that its secrets to the revolution would stay hidden forbidding any industrial worker from leaving the country. However, a man named Samuel Slater would still emigrate to america making a spinning machine from memory beginning the industrial revolution in america. in 1813, Francis Lowell would help mechanize the entire textile industry creating a huge economic boom in the industry and thousands of young girls looking for jobs. By the end of the civil war, America was becoming completely industrialized and by the end would create an entire new form of business called a corporation. In the late 18oo's, many big corporations would be formed such as the standard oil company and the Carnegie steel company. These corporations would have a great power over the U.s. and the economy's fate was depended on them.

The industrial revolution had many positives such as the expansion of ideas and the middle class. However, it had many downsides such as global inequality, child labour, and environmental damage that still affects us today

Labor Unions and Reform Laws

The Reform Movement Spreads

Marxism: Radical Socialism

The Rise of Socialism

The Philosophers of Industrialization

Laissez-faire, or free enterprise, economics stemmed French economic Philosophers of Enlightenment. They criticized the idea that nations grow wealthy by placing heavy tariffs on foreign goods. Adam Smith, a professor at the University of Glasgow,Scotland, defended the idea of free economy , or free markets in his book written in 1776 ( The Wealth of Nations).
Smithś economic ideaś were supported by British economists Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo, like smith they believed that natural laws governed economic life, which led to their idea of capitalism.

Section 3

The Industrial revolution would also find its way to central Europe by British business man in whats called the British miracle. Much like Samuel Slater, William Cockerill would smuggle a spinning machine into Belgium spreading the revolution into the rest of Europe. The industrial revolution went also to Germany and helped bring economic stability to the place after multiple wars. The industrial revolution would eventually spread region by region, and to France by 1830 though a bit more controlled compared to other countries.

English Philosopher, Jeremy Bentham modified Adamś ideas and introduced the philosophy of Utilitarianism. According Bentham, people should judge ideas, institutions, and actions on the basis of their utility and usefulness. He argued that the government should promote the greatest good for the greatest amount of people and that a government policy was only useful if it promoted this goal.

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German Journalist Karl Marx introduced a radical type socialism called Marxism. He outlined his ideas in a 23 page pamphlet (The Communist Manifesto). According to Marx, the Capitalist system will be corrupt and will eventually destroy itself by driving small artisans out of buisness. Marx described communism as a complete form of socialism in means of production.

Unionization, spoke for all factory workers who faced long hours, dirty, and dangerous working conditions. People who were in those conditions wanted higher pay. which led to many of the workers to go in strike. Later on the American Federation of Labor made all AFL members higher wages and shorter hours. Eventually the factory act was passed saying that it was illegal to hire young children

William Wilberforce was a member of the british parliament who fought to end the slave trade and slavery of the british empire. The British finally abolished slavery in 1833. Also Women led reform movements during the mid-1800's. for example, women formed unions in the trades were they dominated. Jane Adams began to fight for women's right's.