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HYPERGLYCEMIC HYPEROSMOLAR NONKETOTIC SYNDROME (Clinical Manifestations…
HYPERGLYCEMIC HYPEROSMOLAR NONKETOTIC SYNDROME
Clinical Manifestations
dehydration
hyperglycemia
increased urination
hallucinations
coma
drowsiness
fever
vision loss
seizures
nausea & vomiting
pathophysiology
lack of insulin stimulates fat &muscle breakdown
increase in fatty acids to liver stimulates ketosis
lack of insulin stimulates hyperglycemia
fluid loss stimulates hyperosmolarity
definition
is a dangerous condition resulting from very high blood glucose levels
risk factors
have an infection
older than age 65
history of diabetes mellitus type 2
have another chronic condition
nursing intervention
administer antibiotics as indicated to prevent sepsis
weigh client daily to provide baseline data of current fluid status & adequacy of fluid replacement
encourage proper hand washing to avoid risk of cross-contamination
monitor temperature,fever with flushed,dry skin may indicate dehydration
teach signs of hypoglycemia ,those signs indicates excessive insulin dosage resulting in hypoglycemia
monitor BP ,decreased blood level may be manifested by a drop in systolic blood pressure
teach signs of hyperglycemia,these signs indicates insufficient insulin dosage & hyperglycemia which may lead to coma
assess skin turgor,mucous membranes,& thirst to provide baseline data for further comparison
provide skin care an intact skin protect protect against infection
administer medication as prescribed
nursing diagnosis
deficient knowledge
imbalanced nutrition
risk for infection
risk for volume deficit
nursing asessment
assess for dehydration
assess for cardiovascular status
assess level of consciousness
diagnostic procedures
blood tests
urine tests
treatment
IV saline solution
insulin