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Research Design (Popular research Designs (Focus group research is a type…
Research Design
Popular research Designs
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Case research is an in-depth investigation of a problem in one or more real-life settings (case sites) over an extended period of time.
Experimental studies are those that are intended to test cause-effect relationships (hypotheses) in a tightly controlled setting by separating the cause from the effect in time. A true experimental design, subjects must be randomly assigned between each group. If random assignment is not followed, then the design becomes quasi-experimental. Experiments can be conducted in an artificial or laboratory
Field surveys are non-experimental designs that do not control for or manipulate independent variables or treatments, but measure these variables and test their effects using statistical methods.
In cross-sectional field surveys, independent and dependent variables are measured at the same point in time (e.g., using a single questionnaire), while in longitudinal field surveys, dependent variables are measured at a later point in time than the independent variables.
Secondary data analysis is an analysis of data that has previously been collected and tabulated by other sources
Action research assumes that complex social phenomena are best understood by introducing interventions or “actions” into those phenomena and observing the effects of those actions.
Ethnography is an interpretive research design inspired by anthropology that emphasizes that research phenomenon must be studied within the context of its culture.
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Data Collection Methods:
Positivist methods, such as laboratory experiments and survey research, are aimed at theory (or hypotheses) testing, while interpretive methods, such as action research and ethnography, are aimed at theory building.
Interpretive methods employ an inductive approach that starts with data and tries to derive a theory about the phenomenon of interest from the observed data.
mixed-mode designs that combine qualitative and quantitative data