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The Host Response, Tissue Response (Complement System (activated by and…

- - - - PMNs arrive killing invading microorganisms and release toxins and cytokines while inducing the liver to create plasma proteins
        
        Establish tissue homeostasis
        
        resolution process
        
        PMNs
        
        Release by PMN in innate response (acute inflammation)
        
        PGE2 & MMP's
        
        In chronic inflammation, together PGE2's and MMP's instigate collagen loss
        
        Chronic Inflammation
        
        5 more items...
        
        PGE2's and MMP's must be balanced. If there are greater number of PGE2's, there is loss of bone. If there is more MMP's, there is loss of connective tissue
        
        The PGE2's and MMP's are the department of transportation, paving the way
        
        First responder, 2-4 days
        
        Release lysosomes and cytokines and starts walling off pathogens.
        
        Also releases chemicals by chemotaxis to recruit cytokines PGE2, TNF, MMP's
        
        Day 4-7 blood vessels become more permeable and filled with PMN's
- - - - performs opsonization, coats surface of bacteria, identifies, engulfs, and destroys bacteria
        
        recruits additional phagocytic cells to the site of the infection
        
        performs a “housekeeping” function, the removal of immune complexes from circulation.
- - - - Vasodilation and Clot forms to block off infected area
- - - - Allow for a quicker immune response to future infections
    - - Production of antibodies (immunogobulins)
        
        Roles of the antibodies
        
        Coat bacteria making them more susceptible to phagocytosis.
        
        Activate the complement system.
        
        Neutralize bacteria or bacterial toxins to prevent bacteria from destroying host cells.
        
        Immunoglobulins are a Y-shaped proteins
        
        Immunoglobulins 5 categories
        
        IgE -- low serum concentration. Responsible for allergic reactions by stimulating the release of histamine and cytokines. Mediates parasitic infections
        
        IgD -- trace amounts in human serum. Found on the surface of B-cells, stimulating and suppressing antibody production
        
        IgG -- main immunoglobulin found in blood. Most important for periodontitis
        
        IgM -- found on the surface of immature B-cells. Binds with immunoglobulin present in the immune response, helping to control bacteria
        
        IgA -- present on mucosal surfaces (in saliva, sweat, tears, etc.) prevents microorganisms from adhering to or penetrating mucosal epithelial linings.