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34-year old male diagnosed with AIDS (cells (lymphoid stem cells (give…
34-year old male diagnosed with AIDS
organs
Tonsils
trap germs (bacteria and viruses) which you may breathe in.
Adenoids
produce antibodies, or white blood cells, that help fight infections.
lymph nodes
filters for foreign particles
lymphatic vessels
act as reservoirs for plasma and other substances including cells that have leaked from the vascular system and transport lymph fluid back from the tissues to the circulatory system.
thymus
effect in "training" T lymphocytes to fight infections and even cancer lasts for a lifetime
spleen
filters blood and helps fight certain types of bacteria
Peyer's patches
monitoring intestinal bacteria populations and preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines
appendix
storehouse for good bacteria
bone marrow
Red blood cells carry oxygen to tissues in the body.
mucus membrane
stop pathogens and dirt from entering the body and to prevent bodily tissues from becoming dehydrated.
skin
protect from mechanical impacts and pressure, variations in temperature, micro-organisms, radiation and chemicals.
cells
lymphoid stem cells
give rise to other blood cells. ... Myeloid cells include monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes to platelets. Lymphoid cells include T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells.
B-cell
direct immunity and secreting antibodies.
T-cells
hat protect the body from pathogens and cancer cells.
Tc cell
kills cancer cells, cells that are infected
Myeloid progenitor
natural killer cells
detect surface proteins characteristic of virus and pathogens and cancer
granulocytes
fight off infection
plasma cells
f proteins called antibodies in response to being presented specific substances called antigens.
neutrophil
They circulate around our body in the bloodstream, and when they sense signals that an infection is present,
memory t cells
recognition of a particular antigen, and are long-lived to provide rapid protection upon reexposure to the antigen due to enhanced function and lower activation threshold.
eosinophil
include: movement to inflamed areas, trapping substances, killing cells, anti-parasitic and bactericidal activity, participating in immediate allergic reactions, and modulating inflammatory responses.
TH cell
help the activity of other immune cells by releasing T cell cytokines. These cells help suppress or regulate immune responses.
basophil
prevents blood from clotting too quickly.
monocyte
they are released into our blood and tissues. When certain germs enter the body, they quickly rush to the site for attack.
dendritic cells
process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells of the immune system. They act as messengers between the innate and the adaptive immune systems.
macrophage
use the process of phagocytosis to engulf particles and then digest them( to eat them )
helper t cells
They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells
memory b cells
make antibodies to invading pathogens like viruses.
lymphocytes
white blood cells that are also one of the body's main types of immune cells. They are made in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph tissue.
types of infection
bacterial
is a proliferation of a harmful strain of bacteria on or inside the body
treated by : antibiotic-resistant strains are starting to emerge.
viral
caused by the presence of a virus in the body can infect almost any type of body tissue, from the brain to the skin.
treated by :only waiting for your immune system to fight off the virus. Antibiotics do not work for viral infections
stages of a virus
lytic cycle
the phage infects a cell
the phage DNA circularizes remaining
replicates and phage proteins are made
the cell lyses realeasing phage
lysogenic cycle
infects a celll
DNA becomes incorporate into the host genome
cell divides and passed onto daughter cells
DNA excised from the bacteria chromosome and enters lytic
Difference between aids and hiv
HIV
is a virus that attacks cells that help the body fight infection, making a person more vulnerable to other infections and diseases
AIDS
s a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight infection and disease.
HIV is considered to continue to AIDS when: the number of their CD4 cells falls
immune system cant fight back
if TH cells destroyed ,in normal immune system
When HIV destroys this cell, it becomes harder for the body to fight off other infections. HIV destroys cells by using their memory to replicate to create new copies of the virus
changed to aids
The virus damages or destroys the cells before moving on to infect more cells.Without treatment, a person is likely to develop AIDS because their immune system is no longer able to protect the body
untreated
continues to damage the immune system cells. The body will be more susceptible to certain conditions known as opportunistic infections and diseases