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34 year-old male diagnosed with AIDS (Immediate Effects (flulike symptoms…
34 year-old male diagnosed with AIDS
Direct Causes
unprotected sex
came in contact with contaminated blood
Indirect Cause
The HIV virus compromised his immune system
The HIV virus started to over replicate
Immune System
Cells
Leukocytes formed in red bone marrow
Neutrophils basophils eosinophil lymphocytes monocytes
initiated immune response
T-lymphocytes
regulate immune respones
B-lymphocytes
secrete out antibodies
Natural Killer Cells
kill off infected cells
Macrophages
found wandering or fixed they destroy infected cells
Dendritic Cells
found in skin or mucosal layer they eat destroyed cells
Mast cells
found in connective tissue defense against pathogens
Cytokines
communication between cells
Interleukins
regulate immune cells
Tumor Necrosis Factor
destroys tumor cells
Colony-stimulating Factor
stimulates leukopoiesis to increase synthesis of leukocytes
Interferon
Alpha and beta antiviral agents and delta pro-inflammatory agent
Organs
lymph nodes spleen tonsils lymphatic nodules and MALT
Innate Immune System
components
the physical barriers and the cells (neutrophils basophils..)
the cells (neutrophils NK Basophils mast cell eosinophils macrophages) recognize a pathogen and start to attack
Adaptive immune system
components
t cells and b cells
lymphocytes and replicated and activated when stimulated by specific antigens
Leukocytes
Granulocytes
Neutrophils
destroy invading pathogens
Eosinophils
destroy parasitic worms and start inflammation
Basophils
allergic reactions
Monocytes
Macrophages
eat foreign bodies
Dendritic
process antigens and present them
Lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes
T4
help T4 cells and B cells
T8
kill off infected cells
t memory
has antibodies for certain infections that have already been exposed
B-lymphocytes
antibodies
they stop infections from happening
Infections
Bacterial
bacteria infects certain areas of the body
treated by antibiotics to fight bacteria
Viral
a virus invades the body and reproduces
some antiviral medications but can only treat symptoms until immune system fights off the virus
Stages of a Virus
Lytic
viral dna is a free agent within bacteria and replicates separately from the host bacteria
Lysogenic
the viral DNA is located within the host DNA
Difference between HIV and AIDS
HIV is a viral infection spread by infected bodily fluid
HIV turns into AIDS when T-lymphocyte levels drop below 200
HIV destroys T-lymphocyte helpers which tell the immune system there is an infection
Normal physiology of Immune system
HIV destroys the immune cells
immune cells can no longer fight off infections
Immediate Effects
flulike symptoms (sore throat)
muscle aches
swollen glands
skin rash
nausea
vomitting
night sweats
Indirect
gradually weakens the body's immune system
can no longer fight off infections
this AIDS now because he no longer ha enough helper t lymphocytes
In left untreated
the patient will get really sick and die from a smaller infection
Is his Immune system working
the innate immune pathway is still working
they are still able to fight off smaller infections
his adaptive pathway is not working
this part has been compromised by the HIV virus