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34 year old man diagnosed with AIDS who was diagnosed with HIV a year ago
34 year old man diagnosed with AIDS who was diagnosed with HIV a year ago
background
virus
lytic
destruction of infected cell and its membrane
lysogenic
virus enters into host cells and injects it DNA into cell DNA and when cell reproduces it has virus genetic material. Virus is then eventually activated by some environmental factors
difference between viral and bacterial infection
viral infection
viral infections are causes by viruses. They are contagious and cannot be treated with antibiotics. It treated by some over the counter medications and drinking lots of fluids
bacterial infection
bacterial infections are caused by bacteria and are sometimes contagious and can be treated with antibiotics
Innate and Adaptive ways of the immune system
innate
components that we are born with that are used as a defense mechanism
skin and mucous membranes
acts as the first barrier
non specific
chemicals (interferon, perforin, etc.)
physiological responses (inflammation, fever, etc.)
cells (macrophages, natural killer, etc.)
adaptive
lymphocytes that are activated to respond to foreign substances. Usually takes several days to work.
T-lymphocytes
T8
the killer t cells
can only be activated by t4
T4
the helper t cell
Tm
memory t cells
B-lymphocytes
plasma cells
release antibodies
can only be activated by t4
organs and cells of immune system
cells
neutrophils
engulf infectious agents and cellular debris and digest them
macrophages
engulf infectious agents and cellular debris and digest them
basophils
produce histamine, heparin and eicosanoids that promote inflammation
natural killer
destroy virus-infected cells, virus-infected cells and tumor cells
eosinophils
target parasites
b cells
secrete antibodies
t cells
protect the body from pathogens and cancer cells
organs
spleen
tonsils
bone marrow
lymph vessels
thymus
lymph nodes
difference between HIV and AIDS
HIV
HIV is a virus
HIV destroys helper T-lymphocytes by causing them to produce HIV RNA and replicates at a faster rate than the immune system can destroy them
AIDS
AIDS is a condition
you have AIDS when your helper T-lymphocyte count is below 200 cells per cubic milliliter
downstream causes
Immediate effects on body
some people get flu like symptoms like sore throat, swollen glands, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
some also don't feel any symptoms like this patient
indirect effects of virus
life threatening illnesses
If HIV destroys TH cells, what does this do to normal immune system physiology?
with less T helper cells then many T8 and B cells aren't activated to attack what needs to be attacked when they contract illnesses
more susceptible to life-threatening illnesses or opportunistic infections if not treated
opportunistic infections account for 80% of AIDS related deaths
why is AIDS called AIDS?
AIDS or acquired immune deficiency syndrome is called this because the person wasn't born with this, it was developed and its a lack or shortage of immune cells meaning the immune system has been compromised
is immune system still working?
yes it is; the leukocytes like the macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils are still working to fight infections
upstream causes
indirect cause
HIV
contact with infected blood
unprotected sex
bitten by infected person
sharing/ being injected with infected needle
direct cause
his direct cause of AIDS is not treating himself when he just had HIV or thinking he didn't have it or that it went away
when not treated the HIV continued to attack his helper T cells causing the amount of t cells to be below 200 cells per cubic milliliter which is AIDS