34 year old man diagnosed with AIDS who was diagnosed with HIV a year ago
background
downstream causes
upstream causes
virus
difference between viral and bacterial infection
Innate and Adaptive ways of the immune system
organs and cells of immune system
cells
organs
spleen
tonsils
bone marrow
lymph vessels
thymus
lymph nodes
neutrophils
macrophages
basophils
natural killer
eosinophils
b cells
t cells
protect the body from pathogens and cancer cells
target parasites
engulf infectious agents and cellular debris and digest them
engulf infectious agents and cellular debris and digest them
produce histamine, heparin and eicosanoids that promote inflammation
destroy virus-infected cells, virus-infected cells and tumor cells
secrete antibodies
difference between HIV and AIDS
lytic
lysogenic
destruction of infected cell and its membrane
virus enters into host cells and injects it DNA into cell DNA and when cell reproduces it has virus genetic material. Virus is then eventually activated by some environmental factors
viral infection
bacterial infection
viral infections are causes by viruses. They are contagious and cannot be treated with antibiotics. It treated by some over the counter medications and drinking lots of fluids
bacterial infections are caused by bacteria and are sometimes contagious and can be treated with antibiotics
HIV
AIDS
HIV is a virus
AIDS is a condition
HIV destroys helper T-lymphocytes by causing them to produce HIV RNA and replicates at a faster rate than the immune system can destroy them
you have AIDS when your helper T-lymphocyte count is below 200 cells per cubic milliliter
innate
adaptive
lymphocytes that are activated to respond to foreign substances. Usually takes several days to work.
components that we are born with that are used as a defense mechanism
skin and mucous membranes
non specific
chemicals (interferon, perforin, etc.)
physiological responses (inflammation, fever, etc.)
cells (macrophages, natural killer, etc.)
T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes
T8
acts as the first barrier
T4
Tm
the killer t cells
plasma cells
release antibodies
memory t cells
the helper t cell
can only be activated by t4
can only be activated by t4
indirect cause
direct cause
HIV
his direct cause of AIDS is not treating himself when he just had HIV or thinking he didn't have it or that it went away
contact with infected blood
unprotected sex
bitten by infected person
sharing/ being injected with infected needle
when not treated the HIV continued to attack his helper T cells causing the amount of t cells to be below 200 cells per cubic milliliter which is AIDS
Immediate effects on body
indirect effects of virus
If HIV destroys TH cells, what does this do to normal immune system physiology?
why is AIDS called AIDS?
with less T helper cells then many T8 and B cells aren't activated to attack what needs to be attacked when they contract illnesses
some people get flu like symptoms like sore throat, swollen glands, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
some also don't feel any symptoms like this patient
more susceptible to life-threatening illnesses or opportunistic infections if not treated
life threatening illnesses
AIDS or acquired immune deficiency syndrome is called this because the person wasn't born with this, it was developed and its a lack or shortage of immune cells meaning the immune system has been compromised
opportunistic infections account for 80% of AIDS related deaths
is immune system still working?
yes it is; the leukocytes like the macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils are still working to fight infections