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A 34 year old male patient diagonsed with AIDs. The patient was diagnosed…
A 34 year old male patient diagonsed with AIDs. The patient was diagnosed with HIV a year ago.
Background Information
Organs
Primary Organs
Bone Marrow
Thymus
Secondary Organs
Tonsils
Lymph vessels
Lymph nodes
Adenoids
Liver
Skin
Cells found in Immune System
Leukocytes
Monocytes
Macrophages
Eosinophils
Killls parasitic worms
Lymphocytes
Fight cancer and viruses
CD4 Lymphocytes
They are T-Cells
A CD4 Count is used to check the health of the immune system
In people infected with HIV
Basophils
Histamine release
Neutrophils
Phagocyte bacteria
B Cells
B
Activate Plasma Cells
Antibodies are made
They attach on top of antigens
B Memory
They form memory cells that remember the same pathogen
For a faster antibody production
In future infections
They start in the bone marrow and end in bone marrow
T Cells
T4
HIV Target
T Helper
T8
T Cytotoxic
located in the thymus
Innate and Adaptive Parts of the Immune System
Innate Immune System
Multiple components protect again a wide array of substances
Skin and Mucosal Membranes
Epidermis
Dermis
Normal Flora
Muscus
Nonspecific Internal Defences
Chemicals
Complement
Interferons
Physiological Responses
Inflammation
RHSP
Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Treatment
RICE
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Cells
Macrophages
Natural Killing Cells
Adaptive Immune System
T- Lymphocytes
Cell Mediated Immunity
Happens in the Thymus
B-Lymphocytes
Humoral Immunity
Plasma Cells
Produces Antibodies
Antibodies Mediated
Bacterial Infection vs Viral Infection
Bacteria
Prokaryotic
It is unicellaur microorganism
Lacks a cell wall and lacks a nucleus
Treatments
Antibiotics
Virus
Infective agent that only contains DNA or RNA
Has a protein coat
Too small to be seen through a light microscope
Lives in a host cell
Treatment
Vaccines for prevention
Antiviral Medication for treatment
Stages of a Virus
Lytic
Virus attaches itself to the host cell injects its DNA
DNA gets incorporated into the host cell
Virus DNA is circulated into the Lytic cycle
New phage DNA is formed
Viral DNA is released
Lysogenic
Virus attaches to the cell membrane
Virus injects its DNA into the cell
Viral DNA forms a circle inside the host cell's DNA
Viral DNA attaches to the host cell's DNA
Host cell replicates it by mitosis
Viral DNA pinches off the host cell's DNA
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HIV/AIDS
AIDS
A syndrome/range of symptoms
develops when HIV is left untreated
Stage three and four of HIV
HIV
Attacks the CD4 cell found in White Blood Cells
Immune System is weakened
It isn't able to fight infections as well
Stage One and Two of HIV
Downstream Effects
HIV destory T helper cells
That messes with the B cells being altered
Plasma cells wont be able to make antibodies
Normal immune system will get weakened because
Antibodies aren't being produced
This leads to the immune system not being able to fight infections
Immediate effects of HIV/AIDS
Headaches
Swollen Lymph nodes
fever
Fatigue
CD4+ cells are destroyed
Damages your immune system
Muscle pain
Joint Pain
Individual ages quicker
AIDS
life-threatening condition
It is the result of HIV
Stages Three and Four of HIV
can lead to death
If HIV is left untreated
it will lead to AIDS which is stage three and four of HIV
His immune system is damaged
meaning it won't be able to fight infections as well
because T helper cells aren't able to tell B cells to make antibodies by the plasma cells
Immune system is compromised
Upstream causes
Indirect Cause
Mother wirh HIV passing it to the child
Transmitted through
Breast milk
Blood
Semen
Vaginal fluid
Direct Cause
Syringes and Needles are contaminated
Sexual intercourse
Initial HIV diagnosis
He knew he had HIV he was confused why he wasn't diagnosied with AIDS at the time
He probably was at the early stages a year ago
Now his HIV is now AIDs because it has progressed to AIDS
So he's at stage 3 or 4 now of HIV which is AIDs