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Expressive Techniques (Tempo Indications (Grad. Faster, Grad. Slower,…
Expressive Techniques
Tempo Indications
Grad. Faster
Grad. Slower
Constant Tempo
Stylistic Indications
Ornamentation
Articulation
Instrumental/Vocal Techniques
Tone Colour
Sound
Materials (Woods, Metal)
Production Method
Type of Sound
Accoustic
Electronic
Synthesized
Musical Effects
Descriptive Words
Chirpy
Airy
Warm
Powerful
Sound Sources
Membrane
Idiophone
Chordophone
Aerophone
Voice
Western Brass Strings Percussion Woodwind
Electronic
Combining sound
Ensemble
Solo
No. of Sources
Instrumental/Vocal Tech.
Traditional
Non Traditional
Dynamics
Changes in dynamic levels
Crescendo/Diminuendo
Specific Changes
Terraced Dynamics
Dynamic Levels
Piano/Forte
Emphasis on sound
Subito
Forte
Piano
Accents
Sfazando (Forte)
Sfarzando (Piano)
Structure
Techniques to Create Unity
Unity All concepts)
Macro
Forms
Specific
12 Bar Blues
Theme and Variation
Common
Ternary (ABA)
Binary (AB)
12 Bar Blues (Blues)
Rondo (ABACA)
Verse/chorus
Vocal
Strophie (A)
Through Composed (No Structure)
Mirco
All Concepts with internal structure
Eg. 12 Bar Blues (A A B)
Techniques to create contrast (All Concepts)
Duration
Rhythm
note values
whole note/semibreve
half note/minim
quater note/crotchet
eigth note/quaver
sixteenth note/semi-quaver
thirty second note/demi-semi-quaver
layers
Devices
polyrhythm
ostinato
repetition
imitation
hemiola
"America" (west side story)
cross rhythm
Stylistic beats
rock beat
swing
anacrusis
anticipated beat
syncopation
Tempo
Fast
Allegro
Vivace
Presto
Slow
largo
adagio
lentoi
Moderate
moderato
andante
Rallentando
Ritard
Grad. get faster
Grad. get slower
Metre
absence of metre
simple time
3/8
2/4
3/4
4/4
beats subdivide evenly
compund
6/8
6 pules each worth 8
6/4
9/8
12/8
odd metre
5/8
5 8th notes
grouped in a pair and a trio
7/8
time signature:
top = number beats
bottom = note value
Beat
definite beat
indefinite beat
Texture
Density
Thick
Thin
Layers
No. of Layers
Role
Melody
Harmony
Rhythm
Relationship to each other
Type
Monophonic
Homophonic
Polyphonic
Parallel Motion
Similar Motion
Contrary Motion
Oblique Motion
Hetrophonic
Pitch
Melody
Countermelody
Range
wide
narrow
Register
high
medium
low
Melodic Contour
ascending
descending
arch
wave
stagnant
angular
movement
step
leap
melodic features
repetition
ostinato
riff
sequence
motif
melisma
ornamentation
Harmony
modulation
chord structure
simple
complex
(call it a chord extension)
Harmonic rhythm
consonance / dissonance
accompaniment
block chords
arpeggio
style
walking bass
12 bar blues
alberti bass
Harmonic Features
ostinato
riff
harmony
cadence
Perfect cadence (V -I)
Plagal (IV-I)
Imperfect (I-V)
Interrupted (V-VI)
drone
pedal point
Tonality
Major/Minor
Blues scale
pentatonic
chromatic
Modal
microtonal
20th/21st century
atonal
whole tone sccale
12 tone scale
World music
gamelan
indian raga
pentatonic
gypsy scale