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Respiratory System Annabel Quintero Period 7 (organs of the respiratory…
Respiratory System Annabel Quintero Period 7
Major functions
Distribution of Air
filters, warms, humidifies air
Gas Exchange
supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
anatomy of the respiratory tract
Upper Respiratory Tract
paranasal sinuses
reduce weight of skull; serve as resonant chambers
pharynx
passageway for air moving from nasal cavity to larynx and for food moving from oral cavity to esophagus
nose
nostrils provide entrance to nasal cavity; internal hairs begin to filter incoming air
larynx
passageway for air; prevents foreign objects from entering trachea; houses vocal cords
nasal cavity
conducts air to pharynx; mucous lining filters, warms, and moistens incoming air
Lower Respiratory Tract
bronchial tree
conducts air from trachea to alveoli; mucous lining continues to filter incoming air
lungs
contain air passages, alveoli, blood vessels, connective tissues, lymphatic vessels, and nerves of the lower respiratory tract
trachea
passageway for air; mucous lining continues to filter particles from incoming air
organs of the respiratory system and location
Pharynx
behind nasal cavity, oral cavity, and larynx
Trachea
throat
Larynx
on top of trachea
Bronchi
upper portion of the lungs and near the center of the lungs
Lungs
occupies a large portion of the thoracic cavity
differences between the right and left lung and right and left
primary bronchi
primary bronchi
right
Wide and short
Divides in to three parts
left
Thin and long
Divides in to two parts
lungs
Right
Three lobes
Short
Left
Two lobes
Long and narrow
breathing mechanism
Expiration
Movement of air out of lungs
Reduction in the size of the thoracic cavity increases its pressure, and air leaves the lungs
Inspiration
Movement of air into lungs
Increase in size of chest cavity reduces pressure within, and air enters the lungs
definitions of lung capacity terminology
Inspiratory reserve volume
amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration
Expiratory reserve volume
amount of extra air — above anormal breath — exhaled during a forceful breath out
Residual volume
amount of air that remains in a person's lungs after fully exhaling
Tidal volume
Normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation when extra effort is not applied
internal and
external respiration
External Respiration
Reduction in the size of the thoracic cavity increases its pressure, and air leaves the lungs
Internal respiration
Oxygen moves out of blood in the capillary and into tissue cells
Carbon dioxide moves from tissue cells into capillary blood
disorders
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder; includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma
pneumonia
Bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
seasonal flu
A viral infection; there are many variations of this virus and it changes rapidly year to year which changes the severity of symptoms
tuberculosis
Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
lung cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth & development of tumors in the lungs