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34 year old male patient with AIDS (Organs & Cells of the Immune…
34 year old male patient with AIDS
Organs & Cells of the Immune System:
Organs:
Tonsils & Adenoids
Lymph Nodes
Lymphatic vessels
Thymus
Bone Marrow
Appendix
Peyer's Patches
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Components & physiology of the innate & adaptive parts of the immune system:
Adaptive:
T-lymphoctes
Cell mediated immunity
Happens in the thymus
B-lymphoctes
Humoral Immunity
Plasma cells:
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Functions of the specific leukocytes, focusing especially on the lymphocytes:
Neutrophils (Granular)
Function: Release enzymes that target bacteria
Lymphocytes (Agranular)
Function: Produce antibodies
Monocytes (Agranular)
Function: Phagocytosis; developed into macrophages
Eosinophils (Granular)
Function: Kill parasitic worms
Basophils (Granular)
Function: Release histamine
Lymphoctes Cont'd:
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T
he difference between a viral & bacterial infection & how they are treated:
Viral Infection:
Viruses infect a host by introducing their genetic material either RNA or DNA
Invades body cells; causes the body cells to create more virus
Causes diseases such as common cold, sore throats & others.
The body fights against viral infections by producing a fever or inflammation
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The lytic & lysogenic stages of a virus:
Lytic cycle:
Attachment- The phage attaches to the surface of the host
Penetration- The viral DNA enters the host cell
Biosynthesis- Phage DNA replicates & phage proteins are made
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The difference between HIV & AIDS:
HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus):
HIV attacks CD4 or T cells
Virus copies itself over & over which kills you CD4 cells
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Direct Upstream Cause:
Sexual intercourse
Contact with contaminated syringe & needles
Indirect Cause:
Mother with HIV transmitting it to baby
Transmitted through:
Semen, breast milk, blood, vaginal fluid
Indirect effects of this virus, why is it called that, if left untreated what will happen, is the immune system working?
AIDS is named that way b/c AIDS is a set of symptoms and illnesses that develop as a result of advanced HIV infection which has destroyed the immune system.
Untreated:
Life threatening
Can lead to infections which are hard to fight off
Eventually lead to death
Immune System:
Still works but it is weakened due to antibodies not being produced
HIV destroys TH cells effect on immune system:
Becomes harder for the body to fight off other infections
HIV destroy T helper cells
Messes with B cells being altered
Plasma cells unable to produce antibodies
Diagnosis changed to AIDS:
Number of their CD4 cells falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood (200 cells/mm3). (In someone with a healthy immune system, CD4 counts are between 500 and 1,600 cells/mm3.)
Development of one or more opportunistic infections regardless of their CD4 count.
Background:
Downstream Effects:
Upstream Causes: