The Host Response
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Tissue Response
PGE2 and MMP's are released by PNM's in innate system
Chronic Inflammation: Long-term and out-of-control
In chronic inflammation, together PGE2's and MMP's instigate collagen loss
PGE2's and MMP's must be balanced. If there are greater number of PGE2's, there is loss of bone. If there is more MMP's, there is loss of connective tissue
The PGE2's and MMP's are the department of transportation, paving the way
The complement system is series of proteins in the blood, working to facilitate phagocytosis or kill bacteria by puncturing the cell membranes
Infection becomes uncontrolled/unresolved through acute inflammation and inflammatory processes continues
It is activated by and work with antibodies
cause pores in cell membranes with the protein membrane attack complex
performs opsonization, coats surface of bacteria, identifies, engulfs, and destroys bacteria
Action occurs to start response. For example injury or invasion of pathogens
Immediately mast cells release chemicals that dilate capillaries and increase vascular permeability
Leukocytes pass into connective tissue and plasma proteins accumulate in tissue, also leukocytes phagocytize and release inflammation mediators
The complement system recruits additional phagocytic cells to the site of the infection.
performs a “housekeeping” function, the removal of immune complexes from circulation.
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Classic warning sign seen in acute inflammation usually absent, meaning often painless
Adaptive immunity begins
Numerous macrophages
PMN's
First responder, 2-4 days
Release lysosomes and cytokines and starts walling off pathogens. Also releases chemicals by chemotaxis to recruit cytokines PGE2, TNF, MMP's
Acute Inflammation
The Complement system
PGE2 and MMP's
Day 4-7 blood vessels become more permeable and filled with PMN's
Tissue builds clot
PMN's arrive and kill invading microorganisms. Then release toxins and cytokines while inducing the liver to create plasma proteins
Establish tissue homeostasis
Resolution process
If acute inflammation is not successful then leads to chronic inflammation
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