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REPORTED SPEECH (Reporting verb (in present (simple, continuous, perfect),…
REPORTED SPEECH
Reporting verb
in present (simple, continuous, perfect)
no tense changes
In the past
tenses move back one tense (e.g. present perfect to past perfect)
SAY vs TELL
agree, ask, demand, offer, promise, refuse, threaten
+
to-infinitive
advise, ask, convince, encourage, invite, order, persuade, remind, tell, warn
+
someone + to-infinitive
admit, apologize for, deny, insist on, suggest
+
(preposition) + -ING
accuse...of, blame...for, congratulate...on/for, praise...for, thank...for, warn...against
+
someone + preposition + -ING
add, admit, argue, claim, complain, deny, explain, mention, predict, promise, suggest, think, warn
+ (THAT) + clause
assure, convince, inform, promise, reassure, remind, tell, warn
+
someone + (that) clause
Changes
tenses
pronouns and possessives
'here and now' words
Direct vs. Indirect Speech
"Have you ever been to Spain?" Soraya and Virginia said/asked.
Soraya and Virginia asked if they had ever been to Spain.
Statements
Questions
orders, suggestions, advice, ...