Human Computer Interaction

CHAPTER 3 : EVALUATION TECHNIQUE

Chapter 2

Universal Design

CHAPTER 4 : UNIVERSAL DESIGN

The Design Process

CHAPTER 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION

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1.1 INTERACTION BETWEEN HUMAN AND COMPUTER

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🔥 Understand the software engineering and basic of interaction 🔥

DESIGN RULES IMPROVE ❓

1.2.2 various interface styles

Concerned with the design , evaluation and implementation of interactive computing system for human use .

3.1.4 Explain the following factors considered in experimental design

Participants

Hypothesis

1.2.3 THE ROLE OF ERGONOMICS IN INTERFACE DESIGN

Experimental Design

3.1 What is Evaluation?

A process by which the interface that is tested based on the needs and practices of the user.

test usability and functionality of system

occurs in laboratory, field and/or in collaboration with users

1.2.4 MODELS OF INTERACTION

evaluates both design and implementation

should be considered at all stages

3.1.1 Goal of Evaluation

assess extent of system functionality

🚩Minimal Surprise

🚩Recoverbility

with actual users,If possible. Important: sample size chosen

assess efect of interface on user

🚩User familirity

Variables

1.2 HUMAN INTERACTION USAGE

🚩User guidance

🚩User diversity

identify specific problems

Multi-Modal Technology

Independent Variable(IV)

Dependent Variable(DV)

Input devices ✏

a. command line interface
✅ Wayof expressing instructions to the computer directly
✅ Suitable for repetitive tasks


advantages ✅ works with script files
disadvantages ❎user needs to memorize command format


b. Menus
✅ : Set of options displayed on the screen.
⭐Options visible
⭐Selection by
⭐Menu interaction - a list of system options is provided and a specific command is invoked by user selection of a menu option
⭐ Pop up menu

Providing access to information through more than one mode of interaction

2.2.2 the principles to support usability in interactive design

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characteristics change to product different conditions

Process-Oriented Design Rational

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Touch

Taste

Sound

Smell

characteristics measured in experiment

Sight

Learn ability
✅ begin effective interaction and achieve maximal performance

example:number of menu item

Example:time taken

Designing interactive products to support the way people communicate and interact in their everyday and working lives

Alternative Mode of HCI

Design Space Analysis

Touch in the Interface

c. Form fills
✅ Primarily for data entry or data retrieval


d. Natural Language Interaction
✅ human-computer interaction method whereby inputs to and outputs from a computer-based application are in a conventional spoken language such as English.


e. WIMP interface (Windows, Icon, Menus, Pointers)
🔥 WINDOWS- a rectangular part of the screen
🔥 ICONS- a graphical representation of an object
🔥 MENUS- a list of command buttons
🔥 POINTERS- mouse or similar pointing device

Handwriting Recognition

Sound in the Interface

Gesture Recognition

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prediction of experiment outcome

example:font size influence error

GOALS

WEB APPLICATION SYSTEMS

Between subject

Within subject

INTERACTION

HUMAN

COMPUTER

-more users required

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Study of the physical characteristics of interaction


Keyboards

Mouse, Trackballs, Touch Pads

Touch Screens

Speech Input

3D trackers, 3D Mouse

-no transfer of learning

3.1.3 Evaluate the design by user participation

-Transfer for learning possible

HCI COMPONENTS

four basic activities

-each participants perform under each different condition

Output devices ✏

Humans are limited in their capacity to process information .


Information stored in memory

  • Sensory Memory
  • Working Memory
  • Long-term Memory

Important contributor to usability

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Screens

Printers

Sound Output

Laboratory Studies

Field Studies

identifying needs and establishing requirements

Observational Techniques

Touch sense can be used to both send and receive information

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Query Techniques

Empirical method : Experimental evaluation

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Natural form of Communication

Developing alternative designs

Able to control the computer with certain movement of the hand

Virtual reality systems & 3D visualization text ✏

QOC images

Building interactive versions of the designs

Performed under laboratory conditions

✏Physical devices

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Evaluating designs

Positioning in 3D Space

Moving and Grasping

Seeing 3D (Helmets and Caves)

🚩Consistency

Three key characteristics

Consist of :

  • Input Devices
  • Output Devices
  • Memory
  • Processing

Accessibility in User Interfaces

Focus on users early in the design and evaluation of the artefact

IPA proses

Interaction HCI is concerned with joint perfomance of Task by Human & Computer
Communication between The User and The System

  • System Physical Interaction ( Interaction devices )
  • Conceptual Interaction ( Interaction styles )

Schnelderman's 8 Golden Rules

Adavantages

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flexibility
✅ which the user and system exchange information

Interruption free environment

Specialist equipment available

Disadvantages

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Sound

Smell

Sensors

✅Enable users to use shortcuts

Users handling the system not in a real way

The system is not tested in real environment

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Is about the designing system so that they can be used by anyone and any circumstances

7 Principles

Perceptible information

Provide effective communication

Tolerance for error

Minimizing the impact and damage caused by mistakes.

Simple and intuitive to use

Use regardless of knowledge , experience and language

Low Physical effort

Comfortable to use

Flexiblity in use

Allow for range of ability and preference through choice of method of use

Size and space for approach and use

Can used by any user regardless of body size and posture or mobility

Equitable use

useful to people with range of ablity

✅Enable frequency users to use shortcuts

The needs of the accessibility guidelines and standards

Identify, document and agree specific usability and user experience goals

🖊:Norman's execution-evaluation cycle

Appropriates

suitable for the system that need to be located in a dangerous or remote location and involved a single-user tasks.

Iteration is inevitable. Designers never get it right first time

Narrator

Biometric access control

✅Offer information feddback

⚾Establishing the goal

✏Memory capacity

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PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT

programming and scripting languages

UNIX or DOS command-line interface

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SQL

WEB APPLICATION SYSTEM

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Verify and identify by analyzing a unique person attribute or behavior.

Performed in the work environment or 'in the field'

🚩Involves re-encoding and remembering
🚩Human can not remember all the things -must be processed and managed
🚩

✅Design dialogs to yield closure

🏀:Formulates intention

Advantages

3.1.2Evaluation Through Expert Analysis

Cognitive Walkthrough

Propose by Polson et al.

performed by expert in cognitive psychology

evaluate design

Narrator is a Text-to-Speech utility for user who are blind or have impaired vision.

✅Offer error prevention and simple error handling

Evaluate the system in its real environment

⚾Specifies actions at interface

Study of interaction in actual use

forms used to guide analysis

Robustness
✅ Determining successful achievement and assessment of goals

🏀Executes action

Reduce cost

to identify potential problems using psychological principles

Disadvantages

⚾Perceives system state

to establish how easy a system is to learn

Interruptions by noises (phone calls) and movements

✅Permit easy reversal of action

Fingerprint, Palm scanner, hand geometry

🏀interprets system state

Appropriates

⚾Evaluates system state with respect to goal

Jenwave, Powertalk, Speechexpert

where context is crucial for longitudinal studies

✅Support internal locus of control

🖊Interaction framework

Usability to the user's needs .


A usable system is :

  • Easy to learn
  • Easy to remember how to use
  • Effective to use
  • Efficient to use
  • Safe to use
  • Enjoyable to use

3.1.5 Determine the appropriate evaluating interactive system tecniques.

What type of measure are required?

What level of information is required?

How objective should the technique be?

what level of interference?

what style of evaluation is required ?

what resource are available?

Factors to consider when in cycle is evaluation carried out?

✅Reduce short-term memory load

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VOICE ANSWERING SYSTEM

Think Aloud

Cooperative evaluation

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Identify the standars and guidelines of design rules

Protocol analysis

Automated analysis

1.1.2 IMPORTANCE OF USER INTERFACE DESIGN

Post-task walkthroughs

Need 4 things

  1. Specification

Mobile Computing vs Wearable computing

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  1. Description
  1. List

Questionnaires

  1. Indication

Design vs Implementation

Laboratory vs Field

Subjective vs Objective

Qualitative vs Quantitative

High level vs Low level

Time,Subjects.Equipments,Expertise

AUTO TELLER MACHINE (ATM)

Type of Design Rational

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✅Process-Oriented

ATM

Question for the action sequence

Mobile Computing

✅Structure-Oriented

Is the effect of the action the same as user's goal at that point?

✏Processing speed

Obtrusive vs Unobtrusive

System running on small computing devices

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✅Pchychogical Design Rational

Facilities high level of mobility

Picture1

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Statistical measures

Choice statical technique on type of data and information required

Before do statics look at data and save original data

Wearable Computing

4 Main Components

interaction-design-process-in-human-computer-interfacehuman-computer-interaction-9-638

(S)System

Systems always with the user and always interacting.

Facilitates high level of immersion into virtual space and mobility

f. Question/Answer and query dialog


🚩 user led through interaction via series of questions
🚩 suitable for novice users but restricted functionality
🚩 (query) used to retrieve information from database



g. Form fills


🚩 Primarily for data entry or data retrieval
🚩 Screen like paper form

(U)User

(I)Input

set of fixed questions given to users

(O)Output

Will users see that the action is available?

Advantages

Disadvantages

Once users have found the correct action, will they know it is the one they need?

✅Processing speed is one of the main elements of the cognitive process, which is why it is one of the most important skills in learning, academic performance, intellectual development, reasoning, and experience.

goals of interaction design

quick and reaches large user group

can be analyzed more rigorously

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After the action taken, will users understand the feedback they get?

less flexible

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less probing

ability to withdraw money at any time even when the bank does not open

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Interviews

analyst questions user on one-to-one basis usually based on prepared questions

Advantages

can be varied to suit context

issues can be explored more fully

Disadvantages

very subjective

time consuming

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Develop usable products

they are faster since you do not have to wait in line and get money

Usability means easy to learn, effective to use and provide an enjoyble experience