Human Computer Interaction
CHAPTER 3 : EVALUATION TECHNIQUE
Chapter 2
Universal Design
CHAPTER 4 : UNIVERSAL DESIGN
The Design Process
CHAPTER 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION
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1.1 INTERACTION BETWEEN HUMAN AND COMPUTER
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🔥 Understand the software engineering and basic of interaction 🔥
DESIGN RULES IMPROVE ❓
1.2.2 various interface styles
Concerned with the design , evaluation and implementation of interactive computing system for human use .
3.1.4 Explain the following factors considered in experimental design
Participants
Hypothesis
1.2.3 THE ROLE OF ERGONOMICS IN INTERFACE DESIGN
Experimental Design
3.1 What is Evaluation?
A process by which the interface that is tested based on the needs and practices of the user.
test usability and functionality of system
occurs in laboratory, field and/or in collaboration with users
1.2.4 MODELS OF INTERACTION
evaluates both design and implementation
should be considered at all stages
3.1.1 Goal of Evaluation
assess extent of system functionality
🚩Minimal Surprise
🚩Recoverbility
with actual users,If possible. Important: sample size chosen
assess efect of interface on user
🚩User familirity
Variables
1.2 HUMAN INTERACTION USAGE
🚩User guidance
🚩User diversity
identify specific problems
Multi-Modal Technology
Independent Variable(IV)
Dependent Variable(DV)
Input devices ✏
a. command line interface
✅ Wayof expressing instructions to the computer directly
✅ Suitable for repetitive tasks
advantages ✅ works with script files
disadvantages ❎user needs to memorize command format
b. Menus
✅ : Set of options displayed on the screen.
⭐Options visible
⭐Selection by
⭐Menu interaction - a list of system options is provided and a specific command is invoked by user selection of a menu option
⭐ Pop up menu
Providing access to information through more than one mode of interaction
2.2.2 the principles to support usability in interactive design
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characteristics change to product different conditions
Process-Oriented Design Rational
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Touch
Taste
Sound
Smell
characteristics measured in experiment
Sight
Learn ability
✅ begin effective interaction and achieve maximal performance
example:number of menu item
Example:time taken
Designing interactive products to support the way people communicate and interact in their everyday and working lives
Alternative Mode of HCI
Design Space Analysis
Touch in the Interface
c. Form fills
✅ Primarily for data entry or data retrieval
d. Natural Language Interaction
✅ human-computer interaction method whereby inputs to and outputs from a computer-based application are in a conventional spoken language such as English.
e. WIMP interface (Windows, Icon, Menus, Pointers)
🔥 WINDOWS- a rectangular part of the screen
🔥 ICONS- a graphical representation of an object
🔥 MENUS- a list of command buttons
🔥 POINTERS- mouse or similar pointing device
Handwriting Recognition
Sound in the Interface
Gesture Recognition
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prediction of experiment outcome
example:font size influence error
GOALS
WEB APPLICATION SYSTEMS
Between subject
Within subject
INTERACTION
HUMAN
COMPUTER
-more users required
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Study of the physical characteristics of interaction
Keyboards
Mouse, Trackballs, Touch Pads
Touch Screens
Speech Input
3D trackers, 3D Mouse
-no transfer of learning
3.1.3 Evaluate the design by user participation
-Transfer for learning possible
HCI COMPONENTS
four basic activities
-each participants perform under each different condition
Output devices ✏
Humans are limited in their capacity to process information .
Information stored in memory
- Sensory Memory
- Working Memory
- Long-term Memory
Important contributor to usability
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Screens
Printers
Sound Output
Laboratory Studies
Field Studies
identifying needs and establishing requirements
Observational Techniques
Touch sense can be used to both send and receive information
Query Techniques
Empirical method : Experimental evaluation
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Natural form of Communication
Developing alternative designs
Able to control the computer with certain movement of the hand
Virtual reality systems & 3D visualization text ✏
QOC
Building interactive versions of the designs
Performed under laboratory conditions
✏Physical devices
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Evaluating designs
Positioning in 3D Space
Moving and Grasping
Seeing 3D (Helmets and Caves)
🚩Consistency
Three key characteristics
Consist of :
- Input Devices
- Output Devices
- Memory
- Processing
Accessibility in User Interfaces
Focus on users early in the design and evaluation of the artefact
IPA
Interaction HCI is concerned with joint perfomance of Task by Human & Computer
Communication between The User and The System
- System Physical Interaction ( Interaction devices )
- Conceptual Interaction ( Interaction styles )
Schnelderman's 8 Golden Rules
Adavantages
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flexibility
✅ which the user and system exchange information
Interruption free environment
Specialist equipment available
Disadvantages
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Sound
Smell
Sensors
✅Enable users to use shortcuts
Users handling the system not in a real way
The system is not tested in real environment
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Is about the designing system so that they can be used by anyone and any circumstances
7 Principles
Perceptible information
Provide effective communication
Tolerance for error
Minimizing the impact and damage caused by mistakes.
Simple and intuitive to use
Use regardless of knowledge , experience and language
Low Physical effort
Comfortable to use
Flexiblity in use
Allow for range of ability and preference through choice of method of use
Size and space for approach and use
Can used by any user regardless of body size and posture or mobility
Equitable use
useful to people with range of ablity
✅Enable frequency users to use shortcuts
The needs of the accessibility guidelines and standards
Identify, document and agree specific usability and user experience goals
🖊:Norman's execution-evaluation cycle
Appropriates
suitable for the system that need to be located in a dangerous or remote location and involved a single-user tasks.
Iteration is inevitable. Designers never get it right first time
Narrator
Biometric access control
✅Offer information feddback
⚾Establishing the goal
✏Memory capacity
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PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT
programming and scripting languages
UNIX or DOS command-line interface
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SQL
WEB APPLICATION SYSTEM
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Verify and identify by analyzing a unique person attribute or behavior.
Performed in the work environment or 'in the field'
🚩Involves re-encoding and remembering
🚩Human can not remember all the things -must be processed and managed
🚩
✅Design dialogs to yield closure
🏀:Formulates intention
Advantages
3.1.2Evaluation Through Expert Analysis
Cognitive Walkthrough
Propose by Polson et al.
performed by expert in cognitive psychology
evaluate design
Narrator is a Text-to-Speech utility for user who are blind or have impaired vision.
✅Offer error prevention and simple error handling
Evaluate the system in its real environment
⚾Specifies actions at interface
Study of interaction in actual use
forms used to guide analysis
Robustness
✅ Determining successful achievement and assessment of goals
🏀Executes action
Reduce cost
to identify potential problems using psychological principles
Disadvantages
⚾Perceives system state
to establish how easy a system is to learn
Interruptions by noises (phone calls) and movements
✅Permit easy reversal of action
Fingerprint, Palm scanner, hand geometry
🏀interprets system state
Appropriates
⚾Evaluates system state with respect to goal
Jenwave, Powertalk, Speechexpert
where context is crucial for longitudinal studies
✅Support internal locus of control
🖊Interaction framework
Usability to the user's needs .
A usable system is :
- Easy to learn
- Easy to remember how to use
- Effective to use
- Efficient to use
- Safe to use
- Enjoyable to use
3.1.5 Determine the appropriate evaluating interactive system tecniques.
What type of measure are required?
What level of information is required?
How objective should the technique be?
what level of interference?
what style of evaluation is required ?
what resource are available?
Factors to consider when in cycle is evaluation carried out?
✅Reduce short-term memory load
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VOICE ANSWERING SYSTEM
Think Aloud
Cooperative evaluation
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Identify the standars and guidelines of design rules
Protocol analysis
Automated analysis
1.1.2 IMPORTANCE OF USER INTERFACE DESIGN
Post-task walkthroughs
Need 4 things
- Specification
Mobile Computing vs Wearable computing
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- Description
- List
Questionnaires
- Indication
Design vs Implementation
Laboratory vs Field
Subjective vs Objective
Qualitative vs Quantitative
High level vs Low level
Time,Subjects.Equipments,Expertise
AUTO TELLER MACHINE (ATM)
Type of Design Rational
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✅Process-Oriented
Question for the action sequence
Mobile Computing
✅Structure-Oriented
Is the effect of the action the same as user's goal at that point?
✏Processing speed
Obtrusive vs Unobtrusive
System running on small computing devices
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✅Pchychogical Design Rational
Facilities high level of mobility
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Statistical measures
Choice statical technique on type of data and information required
Before do statics look at data and save original data
Wearable Computing
4 Main Components
(S)System
Systems always with the user and always interacting.
Facilitates high level of immersion into virtual space and mobility
f. Question/Answer and query dialog
🚩 user led through interaction via series of questions
🚩 suitable for novice users but restricted functionality
🚩 (query) used to retrieve information from database
g. Form fills
🚩 Primarily for data entry or data retrieval
🚩 Screen like paper form
(U)User
(I)Input
set of fixed questions given to users
(O)Output
Will users see that the action is available?
Advantages
Disadvantages
Once users have found the correct action, will they know it is the one they need?
✅Processing speed is one of the main elements of the cognitive process, which is why it is one of the most important skills in learning, academic performance, intellectual development, reasoning, and experience.
goals of interaction design
quick and reaches large user group
can be analyzed more rigorously
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After the action taken, will users understand the feedback they get?
less flexible
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less probing
ability to withdraw money at any time even when the bank does not open
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Interviews
analyst questions user on one-to-one basis usually based on prepared questions
Advantages
can be varied to suit context
issues can be explored more fully
Disadvantages
very subjective
time consuming
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Develop usable products
they are faster since you do not have to wait in line and get money
Usability means easy to learn, effective to use and provide an enjoyble experience