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WORLD WAR 1 AND CANADA (4 MAJOR BATTLES (Battle of Passchendaele (Most…
WORLD WAR 1 AND CANADA
WAR
War Measures Act
War Measures Act was a federal law that was applied on August 22, 1914
Purpose was to give more power to the government to maintain security and order throughout the war
It took away civil liberties of the people in Canada that were thought to have been "enemy aliens," which lead to mass arrests and detention without charge or a trial
Valid through both World War 1 and 2
War in the Air
In the beginning of the war, the plan was considered a novelty of no present use. As the war went on, it became a necessity
More than 25 000 Canadians served in the British air service as a variety of jobs (pilot, mechanics etc)
Many Canadian airmen won multiple awards and decorations, some even acquiring the Victoria Cross
War at Sea
In the beginning of the war, the Canada had an embryonic naval service that consisted of only 350 men and 2 ships
By the end of the war, the RCN (Royal Canadian Navy) had more than 100 war vessels and about 5 500 officers and men
Canada also made a big contribution to Britain by providing officers and men.
Most ships were used as a barricade/naval blockade
4 MAJOR BATTLES
Battle of Passchendaele
Most notable difficulty was the heavy rain which also resulted in mud
Occurred from July 31 to November 10, 1917
Nearly 16 000 Canadians killed or wounded
Also known as the Third Battle of Ypres
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Battle of Somme
Battle of Somme saw the most single day losses in the British Army's history (57 000 British commonwealth soldiers)
Offensive continued for more than 4 and a half months
Over 24 000 Canadians were killed, wounded or missing
On November 11, 1916, Canadians finally recaptured the Regina Trench
Second Battle of Ypres
Canada's first appearance in a major battle on a European battlefield
First battle in which German's used toxic gas to fend off the Allies
Canadian forces held their ground throughout the attack, French soldiers fled
Germany's only major offensive of 1915
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Vimy Ridge
Canada's most celebrated military victory
The largest territorial advancement of any Allied force at that point in the war (1917)
More than 10 600 Canadians were killed, injured or went missing
The battle lasted 4 days and Canadians reigned victorious capturing Vimy Ridge
This battle was the reason Canada gained more independence from Britain
HITLER IN WW1
He moved to Munich Germany in May 1913
He fought as a soldier and was promoted to the role of Corporal. He was also wounded twice and earned several medals
Young Hitler was heavily influenced from German propaganda
On September 16, 1919, Hitler published his first comments on the Jews saying they were "race-tuberculosis of the peoples."
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HUNDRED DAYS CAMPAIGN
Allies had air control during this campaign
Consisted of a series of offensives against German forces which induced heavy losses for both sides of the war
Canada fought during this campaign and compared to the other allied forces, had more successes
PEACE
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles was the name of the document which set peace terms imposed on the Germans by the Allied victors (Britain, France etc)
Treaty of Versailles was drawn up on June 28, 1919 at the Paris Peace Conference
Treaty stayed until 1930's when Adolf Hitler systematically undid the treaty
Treaty of Versailles was signed at the conference
Purpose of the conference was to sign the Treaty (make peace terms)
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Paris Peace Conference
Canada had separate representation from Britain, showing it's gradual independence
Treaty of Versailles was signed during this conference (peace terms)
Canada acquired a seat in the League of Nations because of this conference
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