Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Chapter 19: Actus reus (19.3 Causation - not for theft (19.3.3…

- - - - R v Blaue - a young woman was stated by the defendant and she needed a blood transfusion to save her life but due to her religion, she died and the D was convicted of manslaughter.
      - The defendant must take the victim as he finds them.
  - - - R v Williams and Davis 1992 - hitchhiker jumped from Williams' car - died. attempt to steal a wallet - was it in proportion to the threat and reasonably foreseeable.
- - - - Failing to stop or to report a road traffic accident and failing to provide a specimen of breath. These acts can be be committed by failing to do something.
      - Children and Young Persons Act 1933 - legally responsible parents under a duty to a child to provide food, clothing, medical and lodging for their children.
    - - R v Pittwood a railway crossing keeper omitted to shut the gates - a person that was crossing was struck by a train and was killed. Guilty of manslaughter. Modern example - lifeguard who leaves his post.
    - - Usually a parent - child relationship. R v Gibbing and Proctor 1918 father of a 7 yr old girl lived with a partner. had several other children but kept that girl separate and deliberately starved her. Both convicted of murder.
    - - From R v Gibbins and Proctor the partner voluntarily undertook looking after the child.
      - R v Stone and Dobinson - stones elderly sister came to live with them, she was eccentric and often stayed in her room for days, she also failed to eat and became bedridden. every so often his partner helped to clean and feed her but in the end she died of malnutrition and found guilty of manslaughter.
    - - R v Dytham 1979 police officer on duty and he saw a man getting kicked out of a club and then get into a fight which was 30 years from the police man. he took no steps to help intervene or get help. when the fight was over he told a bystander he was going off duty and left the scene. Convicted misconduct in a public misoconduct.
    - - R v Miller Defendant is living in a squat and fell asleep whilst smoking a cigarette. found mattress on fire he did not go to get help or put out the fire he just moved to another room. And the house caught fire and he was convicted of arson.
      - DPP v Santa-Bermudez 2003 a police woman asked the defendant if he had any needles or sharp objects on him. D said no, when she put her hand in his pocket she was injured on a needle and caused bleeding. Convicted of s47.