3.1.2 Deconstruction Through Queerness
click to edit
According to David Halperin, the contemporary gender theoriest, "Queer is by definition whatever is at odds with the normal, the legitimate, the dominant.
It is an identity without an essence.
Queer was mentioned five times in Trifles which refer to nonconformity and abnormality.
Glaspell
To describe female protagonists who break with convention
Glaspell theater is queer, it is different from traditional forms of drama in terms of content, form and techniques
A queer theatre as the one "grounded in and expressive of unorthodox sexuality or gender identity, antiestablishment and confrontational in tone, experimental and unconventional in format.
"To be queer is not what you are, it's what you do, it's your relation to dominant power, and your relation to marginality, as a place of empowerment.
Glaspell's female protagonists act queerly in order to prove the superficiality of gender identities imposed by dominant ideologies.
Nonconformity
Nonconformity, multipicity and transitivity are the prevalent concepts in Glaspell's plays rendering them queer.
Glaspell's radical critique of the heteronormative social institutions such as marriage.
Trifles: a broken marriage ended up with a murder.
Heternormativity is not only expressed by the characters, Glaspell's impressive presentations also suggest the frustration of their marriage as the emblem of the imposed heterosexuality.
"Gloomy Kitchen" & "An abandoned farmhouse" implies the bleak surrounding.
Childlessness= implies broken loveless marriage in both plays.
it affirms their queerness. " Which is at odds with the normal"
They believe that married couple without children are queer. Thus, the female protagonists of both plays are queer since they are both childless.
Reinforce Dominant system
Glaspell queerizes the imposed heterosexual institutions considered to be fixed and natural for long.
Heterosexual
Glaspell queerizes the imposed heterosexual institutions considered to be fixed and natural for long.
The recurring theme of conformity not only restricted to characters, but through scenic descriptions
Glaspell also calls normative gender constructions into question.
Kitchen is the place where the most critical moments happen.
Kitchen things renders domesticity as dystopia. "
When female characters of Trifles manage to protect an accused of murder, they are actually revolting against conventional definition of womanhood.
Demonsticity connotes warmth, love security.
Glaspell depicts "gloomy, lonesome and cold" to be a place of murder, voiolence, revenge.
Tifles
The Outside
Glaspell depicts "gloomy, lonesome and cold" to be a place of murder, voiolence, revenge.
Located in a life-saving station which is ironically void of any like, and more queer is that Mr. Patrick chose it as a shelter to let herself die.
E.g. Women are used to worrying over triffles (p38)
The presence of a dead body turns the life- saving station to a burial place.
Mrs Peter, the sheriff's wife, who is normally supposed to obey the rules, violates the discursively imposed identity on her
Quilt, dirt towels, a bird cage, fruit preserves are all of paramount in taking/ saving someone;s life.
The queer representation contributes to the destruction of the identities which are illusorily taken to be natural and esential.
Jill Dolan and Nikki Sulivan defined queer as a verb, "to make strange, to fustrate, to counteract, to de-legitimize)
Is a blurring forms : the combination of 'expressionist, symbolist and poetic images and language.
Glaspell was a nonconformist herself both in her personal and theatrical life