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Learning (Observational Learning: learning new behavior by watching a…
Learning
Observational Learning: learning new behavior by watching a model perform
Elemant
Memory: the learner must also be able to retain the memory
Imitation: the learner must be capable of reproducing
Attention: to learn anything through observation, learner must pay attention to model
Desire: the learner must have the motivation to perform the action
Bobo Doll Experiment: experiment on 2 groups of children
Bandura, Albert: Canadian-American psychologist
Learning Performing Distinction
Key Features of Conditioning
Operant Conditioning: the learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses
Punishment: anything that decreases the probability that the response will occur again
Positive : presence of stimulus
Negative: removal of stimulus
Reinforcement: anything that increases the probability that the response will occur again
Positive: presence of stimulus
Negative: removal of stimulus
Reinforcers
Primary: any reinforcer that is naturally reinforcing by meeting a basic biological need
Secondary: any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer
Reinforcement Schedules
Continuous Reinforcement: reinforcement of each and every correct response
Partial Reinforcement: reinforcement of some, but not all, correct responses
Partial Reinforcement Effect: desired behavior that is more resistant to extinction
Fixed Ratio: the number of responses required for reinforcement is always the same
Fixed Interval: interval of time required for reninforcement
Variable Interval: the interval of time required for reinforcement is different for each trial
Variable Ratio: the number of responses required for reinforcement
Classical Condition: learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original
Unconditional Response: an involuntary response to a naturally occurring or unconditional stimulus
Unconditional Stimulus: a naturally occurring stimulus that leads to involuntary response
Neutral Stimulus: stimulus that has no effect on the desired response
Conditioned Stimulus: stimulus that becomes able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned Response: learned reflex response to a conditioned stimulus
Higher Order Conditioning
Stimulus Generalization: tendency for conditioned stimulus
Spontaneous Recovery: learning and memory that was first named by Ivan Pavlov
Extinction: observed in both operantly conditioned and classically conditioned behavior
Acquisition: learning or developing of new skills
Stimulus Discrimination: learning to respond only to original stimulus