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IMMUNISATION (National Immunisation Schedule (Pregnancy - Boostrix…
IMMUNISATION
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Pathological Process
Foreign antigen (vaccine) is introduced to the body. The antigen is taken up at the local site (often injection site) by antigen-presenting cells; macrophages and dendritic cells. Once inside the antigen-presenting cells, degradation of the foreign protein or microbe occurs and tiny fragments are carried to the cell surface and displayed along with a 'self' tag molecule. These antigen-presenting cells then make their way through the lummox to the the local lymph node where the adaptive immune response is initiated.
The adaptive immune response occurs in lymphoid tissue, primarily the lymph nodes. The antigen comes into contact with the specific T-cells and B-cells. These cells and the antigens recognise each other and the primary immune response is initiated and matures over a period of four to six weeks.
The response that occurs the second time an antigen is seen by the immune system is called the secondary immune response.