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Immune (Background (Organs and cells of the immune system (Spleen (stores…

- - - - contain different defense cells, which trap pathogens and activate the production of specific antibodies in the blood
    - - stores different defense cells that are released into the blood to get to the organs, if needed: macrophages, also called scavenger cells, can attack non-self substances and pathogens directly.
      - responsible for removing red blood cells
      - Blood platelets (thrombocytes), which are responsible for blood clotting together, are stored and removed in the spleen.
    - - All this tissue together is also called mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
  - - - INNATE: These lymphocytes are predominantly gamma/delta T lymphocytes (LT-γδ), which are involved in host defense through cytokine production, phagocyte activation and, destruction of infected and tumoral cells.
  - - - B cells: Also known as B-lymphocytes, these cells produce antibodies to help the immune system mount a response to infection.
      - T cells: Also known as T-lymphocytes, these white blood cells help recognize and remove infection-causing cells.
      - Natural killer cells: These cells are responsible for attacking and killing viral cells, as well as cancer cells.
- - - - cellular depletion and functional abnormalities
    - - depletion of cells in gut
    - - initial burst of viral replication may not only cause the unavoidable depletion of mucosal CD4+ T cells, but also alter the general dynamics of different T-cell subsets migrating to and from the gut.
  - - - Often death is the result of one of these opportunistic infections.
      - weight loss, diarrhea, neurologic conditions and cancers such as Kaposi's sarcoma and certain types of lymphomas