Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Inflammation 1 & 2 (acute (stimuli (foreign bodies (suture material,…

- - - - suture material
      - splinters
      - dirt
  - - - fluidic (dilute it)
        
        endogenous and exogenous injury
        
        hyperermia
        
        step 1: vasodilation
        
        changes in jxn'l complexes of endothelial cellls
        
        leakage of fluid
        
        transudate
        
        balanced e- solution
        
        blister, sunburn
        
        no cells
        
        no proteins
        
        exudates
        
        protein rich
        
        opaque
        
        indicating immune response
        
        fibrinogen rich
        
        4 more items...
        
        examples
        
        3 more items...
        
        short-lived histamine response
        
        increased vascular permeability
        
        structural recorganization of cytoskeleton
        
        IL-1, TNF, IFN-y
        
        can't go too far
        
        1 more item...
        
        increased transcytosis
        
        2 more items...
        
        edema
        
        redness and heat
        
        dilution
      - cellular (destroy it)
        
        leukocyte delivery
        
        ingest offending agents
        
        kill microbes
        
        clear necrotic tissue and foreign substances
        
        extravasation and phagocytosis
        
        margination
        
        rolling
        
        adhesion
        
        transmigration
        
        chemotactic stimuli
        
        isolate and destroy
        
        leukocyte adhesion cascade
        
        cells
        
        endothelial cells
        
        gap widening
        
        cell contraction
        
        cytoskeletal reorganization
        
        injury
        
        necrosis
        
        detachment
        
        leukocyte-induced
        
        platelets
        
        5-6 day lifespan
        
        born in bone marrow
        
        major component in hemostasis
        
        release chemical mediators
        
        cytokines
        
        adhesion molecules
        
        vasoactive amines
        
        serotonin
        
        growth factors
        
        facilitate healing
        
        neutrophils
        
        usualy 1st to arrival at site of insult
        
        short-half life
        
        primary circulating WBC
        
        20-30% circulating in ruminants
        
        temporarily marginate
        
        left shift
        
        increase in proportion of immature cells
        
        response to intense, acute inflammation
        
        cytoplasmic granules
        
        O2 dependent killing
        
        H2O2-MPO-chloride system
        
        1 more item...
        
        reactive O species
        
        NADPH oxidase
        
        tissue damage risk
        
        O2 indepenent killing
        
        bactericidal permeability increasing protein (BPI)
        
        lysozyme
        
        lactoferrin
        
        defensins
        
        drilling holes in cell walls, etc.
        
        adhesion molecules
        
        composition varies by species
        
        heterophils in avians, non-mammals
        
        mast cells
        
        near small blood and ymphatic vessels in skin, mucus membranes
        
        cytoplasmic granules
        
        histamine
        
        heparin
        
        enzymes
        
        chemotactic factors
        
        more resident cells
        
        hang out close to potential breaches
        
        usually aren't recruit in
        
        functions
        
        late vascular events
        
        inflammatory mediator synthesis from arachidonic acid
        
        3 more items...
        
        vasodilation
        
        sustained vascular permeability
        
        pain
        
        early vascular events
        
        histamine
        
        immediate
        
        vasodilation
        
        increased vascular permeability
        
        allergies, anaphylaxis
        
        IgE receptors
        
        type I hypersensitivity
        
        uticaria (hives)
        
        parasite defense
        
        ECM remodeling
        
        lifespan of months
        
        degranulation doesn't lead to death
        
        proliferate in tissues
        
        stimuli
        
        heat
        
        cold
        
        trauma
        
        complemet fragments C5a,C3a
        
        cytokines IL-1, IL-8
        
        neutrophil enzymes
        
        eosinophils
        
        toxic to parasites
        
        live close to muscosal surfaces
        
        cationic protein
        
        eosinophil derived neurotoxin
        
        aggressive to lipid membranes
        
        prodce wide array of cytokines
        
        functions
        
        kill/damage parasites
        
        hypersensitivity rxns/anaphylaxis
        
        attracted by
        
        5 more items...
        
        short half life
        
        mobile, can go after parasites
        
        major basic protein
        
        uses peroxidase for oxidative burst
      - reparative
  - - - plasma-derived
        
        compement
        
        kinins
        
        coag factos
      - cell-derived
        
        mast cell histamine
        
        prostaglandins
    - - NO
        
        produced by endothelial cells, macrophages
        
        smooth muscle relazation
        
        vasodilation
        
        counteract platelets
      - vasoactive amines
        
        histamine
        
        mast cells in response to
        
        IgE
        
        C3a
        
        C5a
        
        think of allergic responses
        
        serotonin
        
        platelets
        
        histamine-like actions
      - plasma proteins
        
        kinin system
        
        bradykin
        
        vasoactive peptide
        
        10x more potent than histamine
        
        pain
        
        complement system
        
        anaphylatoxins
        
        stimulate histamine
        
        C5a
        
        chemotaxis
        
        C3a
        
        C3b
        
        opsonization
        
        clotting system
        
        thrombin (factor IIa)
        
        coagulation cascade
      - arachidonic acid
        
        released from membrane phospholipids
        
        COX pathway
        
        prostaglandins
        
        thromboxanes
        
        fever
        
        hemostatis
        
        tachycardia
        
        PGI2
        
        lipoxygenase pathway
        
        lipoxins
        
        prostaglandins
        
        leukotrienes
        
        vascular permeability
        
        chemotaxis
        
        vasoconstriction
      - cytokines, including chemokines
        
        endothelial cell activation
        
        actions
        
        local actions
        
        increase vascular permeability
        
        IL-1
        
        TNF-a
        
        neutrophil activation
        
        systemic actions
        
        IFNy
        
        priduced by lymphocytes
        
        stimulated by virus, parasites, neoplasms
        
        activate NK cells and macrophages
        
        fibrous connective tissue production
        
        sources
        
        ctivated macrohpages
        
        NK cells
        
        endothelial cells
        
        stimuli
        
        LPS
        
        Ag-Ab complexes
        
        toxins
      - oxygen-derived free radicals
        
        released by macrophages and neutrophils
        
        damaging to surrounding cells and enzymes
    - - short half lives
      - enzymatically destroyed
      - scavenged by antioxidants
      - blocked by endogenous inhibitors