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Before the Civil Rights Act (Dred Scott vs. Sanford (This case was…
Before the Civil Rights Act
Dred Scott vs. Sanford
This case was relevant because it embraced a mindset that existed past the Civil Rights Act. It labeled people of color, as property, and deemed their actions irrelevant because they belonged to others.
Dred Scott was born into slavery. His owner died and he was taken to a free state. Him and his wife were then taken into slavery again, despite the fact they were in free territory. They filed two separate court cases that eventually merged into one. Dred Scott vs. Sanford. They lost and were left in
slavery.
Montgomery bus boycott
Montgomery bus boycott was a civil rights protest during which african americans refused to ride buses in Montgomery,Alabama,to protest segregated seating.It is regarded as the first large-scale U.S. demonstration against segregation.
The purpose of this was to let african americans seat wherever and not have to get segregated by their race color when traveling on bus.
Freedom Rides
In 1961 a group of African Americans and whites took two buses to the south to exercise desegregation of interstate travel facilities enforced by Boynton v. Virginia. During their stops in the south both buses were met with violence. Even as this happened the local police arrived suspiciously late to the scene. Later 2 other groups of Freedom Riders attempted to travel to the south but both groups were met with no protection against attacks. After these attempts Robert F. Kennedy finally enforced stricter rules on interstate traveling.
This event challenged the law to make sure their rules would actually be enforced. Even though laws of desegregation in interstate travel spaces were made Southern citizens and law enforcement were still against it. The Freedom Riders were eventually able to get laws of desegregation in these spaces enforced more tightly.
Brown v Board of Education
Purpose: The purpose of this case was to bring about "separate but equal" conditions in public schools.
Summary: This case took place in 1952. It was a decision that ruled that racial segregation was unconstitutional. The plaintiff Oliver brown filed a lawsuit against the board of education of Topeka after his daughter was denied entrance into the white elementary school. Brown claimed that schools for blacks were not equal to white schools. He also claimed that segregation violated the fourteenth amendment. In 1954 the Supreme Court ruled that that Brown and his daughter were being deprived of their equality.
Little Rock Nine
Summary:The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine black students who enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in September 1957. Their attendance at the school was a test of Brown v. Board of Education. The first day of classes at Central High, the governor called in the national guard to block the black students’ entry into the high school. After that outbreak, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent in troops to escort the Little Rock Nine into the school.
Purpose: It drew national attention to the civil acts movement. It became an essential part of the fight for equal opportunity in American education when they tried to challenge public school segregation by enrolling at the all-white Central High School. Their appearance and award are apart of the Centennial Celebration of Women at Marquette.
