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A 60-year old with a history of obesty and DM II has experienced heart…
A 60-year old with a history of obesty and DM II has experienced heart attack.
Downstream causes
Direct cause of mitral valve:It can cause arrhythmias
Direct cause of failed mitral valve: Cause blood to flow backward into left atrium,if left untreated it can cause heart fairure
Direct cause of mitral valve: It will make other parts not to get enough blood that they are supposed to get.
Upstream causes
Direct cause
Coronary heart disease: Where major blood vessel clogg with depost of cholesterol
Direct cause
Arteriosclerosis:It is the stiffening or hardening of artery walls
Direct cause
High blood pressure: This makes the heart to strain resulting to damage of some vessels hence causing blockage which finally cause a stroke.
Indirect cause
Gender: Males do have more strokes compered to females according to studies.
Indirect cause
Increasing age. The majority of people who die of coronary heart disease are of 65 and older.
Indirect cause
Sedentary lifestyle: it involves no activity at all
Background information
physiology
Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.
Left ventricle,pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
Right ventricle;receives blood from right atrium and pumps it to lungs for oxygen.
Roles of the two
Valves; They prevent the backflow of blood.
Papillary muscle; They are located in the ventricles where they are attached to cusps of atrioventricularae valves inorder to contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of valves on systole.
Relationship b.t.n heart s function and blood pressure
The heart beats, hence creating pressure that pushes blood through a network of tube shaped blood vessels like arteries, veins and capillaries
Concepts of the heart
Stroke volume it is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart in contraction per beat
cardiac output.Amount of blood the heart pumps through circulatory system in a minute. SV and HR determines cardiac output.
TPR. it is the change in pressure across the systemic circulation from its beginning to end
1.Heart rate. it is the number of heartbeats per minutes per number of ventricle contraction
Right atrium receives blood from veins and pumps it to right ventricle.
Anatomy
2.Right ventricle is triangular in shape and extends from tricuspid valve.
Left Atrium,it is located superior to the right atrium
1.Right atrium;it is on the upper champer of the heart
4.4. Left ventricle,It has muscular which are thickest of all the four chambers .
Pathway of blood through the heart
Blood enters the heart through two large veins e.g 1.inferiour venacava, 2. superior venacava. They empty deoxygenated blood from the body. The pulmonary veins empties oxygen rich blood from lungs into the left atrium
Normal sound of the heart
The heart has two sounds 1. lub( s1) and dub ( s2). They are caused by closing of valves inside the heart. S2 is caused by semilunar valves