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Stalin's Paper Two Review (Consolidation and Maintenance of Stalin’s…
Stalin's Paper Two Review
Consolidation and Maintenance of Stalin’s Power
Nature, Extent, and Treatment of Opposition
Stalin would portray political rivals as anti-communist quite frequently to ensure his power would not be challenged.
The Impact of the Success and/or Failure of Foreign Policy on the Maintenance of Power
Stalin was more focused on what was occurring in the soviet union as opposed to what was happening in other countries.
Shortly before the invasion of poland, Germany and the Soviet union signed a non-aggression pact despite hating each other previously.
World War Two
During world war 2, citizens were forced to fight. This was not great for Stalin's popular image.
Use of Legal Methods
Show trials
Stalin held trials to publicly humiliate the members of the party that had not committed crimes, but could possibly take power from Stalin
When Stalin became paranoid about the members of the Soviet Union, significant damage was done and many were harmed by the purges.
Stalin was seen as a god-like figure in the Soviet Union.
The Emergence of Stalin's Authoritarian State
Economic Factors
Requisitioning significantly impacted the peasant population. The peasant population lost a significant amount of their already-small ownings
The agriculture was significantly decreasing and the industrial gains were increasing.
The debate over War Communism and the NEP was very prominent in the Soviet Union, this gained more support for Stalin and his NEP support.
Methods used to establish Stalin's authoritarian state
Ideology was a factor in Stalin's establishment of the authoritarian state. He convinced the people of his bolshevik beliefs.
The use of force was seen. If one was doing things to hurt Stalin's chance of acquiring power
Persuasion and Coercion
He convinced the people that he was the best candidate.
Stalin's use of propaganda also gave him significant advantages in the race to become leader.
The conditions in which Stalin's authoritarian state emerged
The Russian Civil War
Trotsky was one of the leaders during the Russian Civil War
Lenin's Early Death
Lenin's testament was very anti-Stalin, but Stalin was able to turn it into something that he could use to gain support
The Lenin Enrollment laid out the goals of the party. Gained significant support
Stalin was a Commissar of Nationalities during the Russian Revolution, which gave him significant power.
The debate over the spread of communism was very important. Stalin favored Socialism in one state, while Trotsky was consistent in his desire for a permanent revolution. This gained more support for Stalin
Stalin had an important role in the Russian Revolution, he was one of the original members of the Bolshevik party.
The communist party went into a war panic in 1927
Aims and Results of Policies
Aims and impact of domestic economic, political, cultural and social policies
Economic Policies
The Soviet government adopted collectivization policy, pursued most intensely between 1929 and 1933, to convert traditional agriculture in the Soviet Union and to decrease the economic power of the kulaks. The peasantry were forced under collectivization to abandon their individual farms and join large collective farms.
Five Year Plans
In the Soviet Union, the first five-year plan (1928–32), focused on developing heavy industry and collectivizing agriculture, at the expense of a drastic decline in consumer goods.
The second plan (1933–37) continued the aims of the first, but added collectivization, which led to terrible famines, particularly in Ukraine, which caused millions of deaths.
The third plan (1938–42) addressed the development of armaments.
Cultural Policies
Policies towards the Arts
Stalin issued a decree in 1934 to accept only socialist realist art. Stalin helped ruin Russian culture by removing anything that hinted at the mysticism, religion, the supernatural or anyway connected with the West. After his death the culture bounced back.
Social Policies
Religious Policies
Stalin had an Anti Religious campaign which followed Lenin’s view that religion had no role in a socialist society.Stalin closed churches and mosques were converted into schools or movie
theatres.
Educational Policies
Schooling was mandatory and each child was entitled to 9 years of free education. University professors and students who challenged the theories of the Communist Party faced losing their jobs or prison.
The Impact of Policies on Women and Minorities
Instead of making divorces easily obtainable, he put emphasis on the family as a corner stone of society. He believed strong families. would produce a stronger and more productive society.
Stalin implemented purges which killed millions of innocent people and were used to assert dominance.
To What Extent was Stalin Able to Achieve an Authoritarian State?
Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was still an overall totalitarian state, because although the peasants gained some power over livestock, Stalin still had control over almost every political, social and economic aspect of life. People started to obey Stalin's rules because they didn't want to end up being killed or sent to labor camps.