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Chapter 24 Lecture 5 (Viral STDs (Genital Herpes (Pathogenesis…

- - - - Small blisters on or around the genitals or rectum
      - Blisters are filled with clear, straw colored fluid that will eventually break and become painful ulcers
      - Malaise, fever, myalgia, and decreased appetite
    - - Human herpesvirus 2 causes most cases 85% (below the waist
      - Human herpesvirus 1 causes remainder of cases
      - Virus can become latent in nerve cells (hiding the virus from the immune system
    - - Herpesvirus kills epithelial cells at infection site
      - Blisters may form at sites far from initial infection
      - Blisters rupture, they release millions of herpesvirus and turn into painful sores
      - Virus is shed in mucous secretions even in absence of lesion (author states may spread more frequently than those with lesion
      - Babies can become infected during birth
      - Pts can infect their own or others esophagus, eyes, or skin
    - - Over 90% of world's population is infected with HSV I or II
      - Genital herpes quadruples the risk of HIV infection. (Lesions are an opening for the HIV virus
    - - Diagnosis is based on characteristic lesions. Detection of herpesvirus DNA by PCR in fluid confirms diagnosis
      - Acyclovir or other antiviral agents can lessen symptoms but does not cure
      - Circumcised males are at lower risk of infection.
      - Condoms often provide little protection.
      - Infected pregnant women should deliver by C-section.
  - - - Pathogen, signs, and symptoms
        
        Range in size from almost undetectable bumps to giant cauliflower like growths
        
        Large growths called condylomata acuminate
        
        Pathogenesis and epidemiology
        
        Incubation period to the development of the wart is 3-4 months
        
        Most common STD in the United States mostly among young adults, and uncircumcised males.
        
        Research states if all men were circumcised then worldwide incidence would be reduced at least 43%
        
        Cause nearly all cervical cancers
        
        Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
        
        Diagnosis is made by presence of warts
        
        Variety of methods available to remove warts (surgery, freezing, burning, laser)
        
        OTC is effective but not to be used on genital warts
        
        Vaccine is available against HPV strain associated with cervical cancer
        
        Prevented by abstinence
        
        Condoms may reduce but do not eliminate the risk of HPV infection
- - - - Females have a foul-smelling, yellowish green vaginal discharge and vaginal irritation- could have lesions in the genitalia, abdominal pain, painful urination, and pain during sexual intercourse
      - Males are typically asymptomatic but if they do have symptoms might be confused with gonorrhea
    - - Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis
    - - Transmitted primarily via sexual intercourse
      - Most common curable STD in women
      - Trichomoniasis increases risk of infection by HIV
    - - Diagnosed by presence of Trichomonas in clinical samples
      - Treated with a single dose of oral metronidazole or tinidazole
      - Prevented by avoiding sexual intercourse with infected persons