Powering Our Future ♻
Key Concept: System
Related Concept:
↪︎Energy
↪︎Transformation
↪︎Transfer
↪︎Energy
Energy:
ability to do work or transform energy
the term energy describe the capacity to produce certain changes within any system
Global Contex:Scientific & Technical Innovation
energy form
Renewable energy:
↪︎Solar energy from the sun
↪︎Geothermal from heat inside the earth
↪︎Wind energy
↪︎Biomass from the plants
↪︎Hydropower from flowing water
potential energy
kinetic energy
Nonrenewable energy:
↪︎Petroluem products
↪︎Hydocarbon gas liquids
↪︎Natural gas
↪︎Coal
↪︎Nuclear energy
chemical
elastic
gravitational
sound
electrical
kinetic
heat
light
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Formula
power = work done (J)/time taken (seconds) = energy transformation(J)/time taken (s)
power is measured in joules per second or watts (W)
energy efficiency = power output (J)/power inout (J)
Electrical Circuit
Investigation Result
(from the lab report)
Key Terms:
↪︎Elelctric circuit
↪︎Current
↪︎Voltage
↪︎Ammeter
↪︎Voltmeter
↪︎Resistance
↪︎Circuit in series
↪︎Circuit in parallel
Ohm's Law: the standard unit of resistances was named after Georg Ohm. Ohm investigated the basic principles of electrical circuit and discovered a simple mathematical relationship between current, voltage, and resistance
resistance is measured in the unit of ohms
higher resistance of a component, the harder it is for electrons to flow through it and the more energy lose --> the resistance of the connecting wires in typical electrical circuit is low that we can assume it's zero
resistor - components with high resistance designed to lower the current passing through a circuit
Ohm's Law stated that the resistance (R) of a material is equal to the ratio of voltage (V) divided by current (I)
--> V = I x R
Kako
Yui
How does the thickness of wire impact the voltage in the circuit?
How does the length of Nichrome wire
affect the resistance in a series circuit?
Doubling the length of a wire is just like having two of the shorter wires in series, and if one short wire has a resistance of 1 ohm, then the 2 pairs of shorts wires would have a resistance of 2 ohms when connected in series. Therefore, longer the wire means that it would have more atoms, which makes sense that it will be more likely for moving electrons to collide with them; hence, higher resistance.
Electric Circuit - An unbroken pathway consisting of a number of components that allows the flow of electrical charge
Statement of Inquiry:
Powering our future will require scientific and technical innovations in efficient energy transfer and transformation in systems to be environmentally sustainable.
simple circuit
series circuit - a circuit in which resistor are arranged in a chain, so the current has only one pathway
parallel circuit - a circuit has two or more paths for current to flow through
Current (I) - the flow of electric charge (electrons in a circuit)
Voltage (V) - also known as potential difference and is the electrical energy transferred per coulomb (J/C) when electric charge flows between two points
Lower number of SWG (thicker wire)
leads to higher voltage.
Coulomb (C) - the amount of electrical charge flowing per second. this is approximately 6x10(power of 18) electrons per second.
Ammeter - the instrument for measuring electric current
Voltmeter - the instrument for measuring volt
Resistance - a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit
Direct Current - an electric current where the electrons flow the some direction. This is form negative to positive.