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Fascism Europe, 1930 (Benito Mussolini (Politics (Partido Socialista…
Fascism Europe, 1930
Benito Mussolini
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Personality
While working for various labour organizations in Switzerland, Benito Mussolini made a name for himself as a charismatic personality and a consummate rhetorician. After returning to Italy, he amassed a large following while working as an editor for the socialist magazine Avanti!.
Government
Benito Mussolini was an Italian political leader who became the fascist dictator of Italy from 1925 to 1945. Originally a revolutionary socialist, he forged the paramilitary fascist movement in 1919 and became prime minister in 1922.
Economy
Economic policy during the 1930s, and is surprisingly similar to some of President Obama’s policies. If we wish to anticipate consequences of those policies, we need to understand where they came from and where they led.
Ideology
In 1922, Fascists were instructed to wear uniforms, including black shirts, when in squads that were modeled after Roman army groups. All party members were considered squad members.
Adolf Hitler
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Politics
Hitler was a pan-Germanic nationalist whose ideology was built around a philosophically authoritarian, anti-Marxist, antisemitic and anti-democratic worldview.
Personality
Adolf Hitler was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, serving as dictator and leader of the Nazi Party, or National Socialist German Workers Party, for the bulk of his time in power.
Hitler’s fascist policies precipitated World War II and led to the genocide known as the Holocaust, which resulted in the deaths of some six million Jews and another five million noncombatants.
Government
Nazi Germany is the common English name for Germany between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party (NSDAP) controlled the country through a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government.
Ideology
Hitler was a pan-Germanic nationalist whose ideology was built around a philosophically authoritarian, anti-Marxist, antisemitic and anti-democratic worldview.
Economy
Francisco Franco with his focus on retribution and maintaining political control stagnated the economy and culture of Spain. He provided for control to pass to the heir to the Spanish throne upon his death. There was every reason to expect that the moribund system would continue, but instead the economy and politics of Spain blossomed. Often the economic growth rate for Spain was the highest of the countries of Europe.
Francisco Franco
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Economy
The Spanish economy has three well-differentiated stages during Francisco Franco’s dictatorship. The first stage (1939-1950) was defined by the economic independence or autarky imposed by Franco’s government. After the Civil War, Spain emerged devastated and with alarming economic problems. Most of Spain’s economic reserves (gold and foreign exchange) practically disappeared; and given the reduced productive capacity faced by industrial and agricultural sectors, the government adopted anti-market policies seeking to transform Spain into self-sufficiency. These policies had a devastating impact in the Spanish economy driving a weak economic recovery, high inflation rates, a severe contraction of international trade as well as the development of black markets. By the end of the 1940’s Spanish GDP was barely 40% of the average West European countries.
Government
Dictadura, Autocracia, Totalitarismo
Personality
Francisco Franco was a career soldier who rose through the ranks until the mid-1930s. When the social and economic structure of Spain began to crumble, Franco joined the growing right-leaning rebel movement. He soon led an uprising against the leftist Republican government and took control of Spain following the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). He then presided over a brutal military dictatorship in which tens of thousands were executed or imprisoned during the earlier years of his regime.
Ideology
Generalissimo Francisco Franco Bahamonde ("El Caudillo") (December 4, 1892 – November 20, 1975) was a soldier and statesman who served as the dictator of Spain from April 1, 1939, until his death on November 20, 1975. He had previously been a General in the Spanish army. Franco was primarily a traditionalist Catholic.
