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American Literature Timeline (Colonial Literature (Purposes: Preach gospel…
American Literature Timeline
Colonial Literature
Purposes: Preach gospel, Honor values of Puritan life styles and their beliefs
Important colonial writers, Jonathan Edwards, Anne Bradstreet, Mary Rowlandson
Colonial literature: Sermons, Poetry, Nonfiction accounts(Journals and Narratives)
Beliefs: People are inherently evil, Importance of the grace of God, The Bible is the supreme authority
Puritans established first printing press, established first public school and college(Harvard)
Jonathan Edwards- October 5, 1703- March 22, 1758
Puritans(Religion is important, Value of work ethic(Work for family, community, and education))
Anne Bradstreet- March 20, 1612- September 16, 1672
Early 1600s- early 1700s
Mary Rowlandson- 1637- January 5, 1711
Used God as a weapon
Gorhic Literature
Edgar Allen Poe(1809-1849) -Difficult childhood, ambitious and prolific writer at an early age, personal difficulties(Alchoholic) "The Raven"(1845)
Characteristics: Fixation on Death and insanity, exploration of the mind reflected in the use of language, supernatural elements, scary/dark settings and plots, characters that act on emotional impulse
Mary Shelley
Wrote Frankenstein
Insperations- Gothic arcitecture
late midevil period
, Alchemy and science
Historical context: Reaction to the "Age of reason" and Transcendentalism, Movement started in Europe and spread into the U.S.
Text types: novels, poetry, short stories
"The Mind Is A Dark And Dangerous Place"
Transcendentalism
text types: Essays, Poetry, Letters of correspondance
Characteristics: Appreciation for the beauty of nature, Belief that people are inherently good, individualism, Justifies the use of intuition when reasoning, critizes war and government.
Rules of the transcendental club: Truth is found in nature "Nature is god and god is good" "Humans are a part of nature" Rely on yourself "institutions corrupt humans" Meet informally and never take official notes so people don't know what you actually did.
Ralph Waldo Emerson- taught lectures at many high end schools, began "The Transcedentalism Club"
Influence- Unitarian church: value intellect and reasoning, deviance from the church, eastern religion and philosophy, scientific discovery, German philosophy
Henry David Thoreau- apprentice of Emerson, Isolated himself at Walden Pond(Wrote a book about it)
context- Mid 1800s America
Walt Whitman- Poet, "Leaves Of Grass"
1836-1860s
Emily Dickinson- Poet, Recluse, Famous for her themes about death.
American Romanticism
Washington Irving- "Legend of Sleepy Hollow" "Rip Van Winkle"
Nathaniel Hawthorne- Salem, MA. "Young Goodman Brown" "The scarlet letter"
text types- Short stories, Poetry, Magazines
characteristics- emphasis on self over society, Values feeling over reasoning, Exploration of the imagination.
Goals? Explore the Imagination "Romanticizing the land and people" Give depth to the land "Create mythology for the new American landscape" Promote the values "Independence on self, Expand human mind via imagination"
Romance? Making something seem better than it actually is
Right after the revolutionary war, Lots of "Untamed" land
Revolutionary Literature
Text Purposes: Colonists wanted to establish their own voice. "Encourage support for independance"
Characteristics: argumentative/Pursuasive. Patriotism "Encouages pride in colony accomplishments which could lead to anticipated nationalism." Focus on values "Remember colonial literature, Character building instruction"
Rise of Deism. "My mind is my church" Absent god. God created natural law and life and then left it to fend for itself
Phillis Wheatley-
Text types: Political Pamphlets, Travel Writing, Persuasive/argumentative, Poetry, Drama
Mercy Otis Warren-
called "Age of reason"
Benjamin Franklin-
1750-1800ish
Thomas Paine-
Thomas Jefferson-