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34 years old male patient diagnosed with AIDS (HIV (resides body fluid…
34 years old male patient diagnosed with AIDS
Tested positive in HIV a year ago
no symptomms
felt fine
thought he was better
transform to AIDS because HIV destroys CD4 T cells
white blood cells helps body fights disease
fewer CD4 T cells , the weaker immune system becomes
left untreated that's why it transformed to AIDS
Organs and cells of the Immune System
Spleen
Filtered the blood
Health fight infections
Contains white blood cells
Respond to any antigens
Thymus
Produce progenitor cells
Mature into T-cells
T-cells helps destroy infected or cancerous cells
Lymphatic System
Help read body toxins and waste
Get rid of unwanted material
Fluid contains white blood cells
Transport Lymph
Lymphatic Vessels
First line of defense against disease
Transport and filters lymph fluid
-Contains antibodies and lymphocytes(good) and bacteria(bad)
Lymph nodes
Filters cancer cells
Do not have a detoxification function
Filters foreign particles
Lymphatic Structures
Monocytes
T-lymphocytes
Site of maturation- Thymus
Effector cells- Cytotoxic T cells, Helper T cells, and Regulatory T cells
Site of origin- Red bone marrow
Primary targets intracellular pathogens and cancer cells
Yes for memory cell formation
No Antibody secretion
Cellular immune response
Basophils
B-lymphocytes
Primary targets- Extracellular phathogens
Site of origin- Red bone marrow
Yes Antibody secretion
Site of maturation- Red bone marrow
Humoral immune system
Effector cells- Plasma cells
Yes for memory cell formation
Eosinophils
Natural killer cells
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Dendrintic cells
Mast cells
Cytokines
Innate and adaptive parts of Immune system
Innate Immune system provides innate immunity
Skin and mucosal membranes(prevent entry)
Nonspecific internal defenses
Chemicals(interferon, complement)
Physiologic responses(inflammation, fever)
Cells(macrophages,NK cells)
Adaptive Immune system provides adaptive immunity
T-lymphocytes (cell-mediated immunity)
B-lymphocytes(humoral immunity)
Plasma cells(synthesize and release antibodies)
Viral infection
does not respond to antibiotics
antibiotics does not respond to virus
behave different from bacteria
needs to settle inside the host
antiviral medication helps ease the symptoms
Bacterial infection
tiny single-celled
can be treated with prescribed antibiotics
exist in plants, animals & human
Lytic & Lysogenic stages of virus
LYTIC
DNA injected
Capsid stays outside
Virus binds
Expression
Assembly
Cell destroyed
Leads to death of the host
LYSOGENIC
Lysogeny
Temperature viruses
Infection followed by integration into the genome
Prophage- integrated viral genome
Lysogenic conversation- toxin production
leads to integration of phage into the host
AIDS
Life-threatening condition
can prevent through use of condoms
its a condition
HIV
resides body fluid infected individuals
including, blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk
transmitted during activities transmit body fluids
not sharing needles during testing
cannot breastfeed infants if its infected
wearing gloves in presence of bodily fluids
destroy helper T-lymphocytes
after several weeks individual may experience flulike symptoms
replicates faster rate than the immune can cope
can detect during HIV blood test
infection diagnosed as AIDS, if helper T-lymphocytes counts drops below 200 cells per cubic millimeter
or a person develops illness
no cure
treatment is aimed & alleviating symptoms preventing the spread of HIV
a virus
HIV destroy T cells
immune system no longer to regenerate or fight other infections
if no T cells, can't activate B cells to activate response system, because it can't create memory B cells or plasma cells to make those antibodies
it becomes harder for the body to fight off other infections
if left untreated, even minor infection such as cold can be more severe.
indirect effects
B-cell hyperactivity
increased B-cell polyclonal activation
increased B-cell turnover
increased expression of activation markers
immune system still working, but its getting weak when cannot make enough CD4 cells to fight HIV
it is called AIDS
Stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
advanced HIV infection or late stage HIV
destroyed immune system