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Defining Conservation Biology (organizational values (Biodiversity has…
Defining Conservation Biology
conservation biology
the study of Earth’s biodiversity, including its threats, how to protect it, and how to restore it
biodiversity
the complete range of species, biological communities, & their ecosystem interaction and genetic variation within species
evolution of ideas
Cave paintings, >40,000 years old, show a human/hominid connection to nature
Many religions feature explicit connection to and protection of nature.
In the 1960’s, the American public developed environmental awareness through literature and art
types of ethics
preservation ethic
John Muir
Sierra Club
National park system
“Preservation denotes a fortress-like approach to nature, walling off human influence in order to maintain pristine ‘wilderness’.“
conservation ethic
Gifford Pinchot
US forest service
"wise-use"
"further the greatest good for the greatest number of people for the longest time.”
land ethic
Aldo Leopold
A Sand County Almanac
Leopold Foundation
Conservation based on a land ethic relies on considering the ecosystem as a whole, using science, and including humans.
organizational values
Biodiversity has intrinsic value
Untimely extinction should be prevented
Diversity of species and their complex relationships should be preserved
Science plays a critical role in our understanding of ecosystems
Collaboration is important and necessary
The New Science of Conservation Biology
Goals
Develop practical approaches to prevent extinction of species, maintain genetic diversity and protect/restore biological communities
Document full range of biological activity
Investigate human impact on species, genetic variation and ecosystems
Uses broad range of scientific fields
Religious/philosophical beliefs form the foundation of conservation
Michael Soule organized the first international conference for conservation biology in 1978 :