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Consciousness, Sleep (Sleep Disorders (Narcolepsy - sleep disorder in…
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Sleep
Sleep Disorders
Narcolepsy - sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning
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Night Terrors - relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully
REM Behavior Disorder (RBD) - a rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares.
Sleepwalking or Somnambulism - occurring during deep sleep, an episode of moving around or walking around in one’s sleep
Insomnia - the inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep
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Stages of Sleep
N1 - Light sleep; Hypnagogic images: hallucinations or vivid visual events; Hypnic jerk: knees, legs, or whole body jerks
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Dreams
Activation-synthesis Hypothesis - dreams are created by higher centers of cortex to explain the brain stem’s activation of cortical cells during REM sleep periods
Activation-information-mode Model (AIM) - information that is accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams
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Sleep-Wake Cycle
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Hypothalamus - small structure in the brain located below the thalamus and directly above the pituitary gland, responsible for motivational behavior such as sleep, hunger, thirst, and sex
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Theories of Sleep
Restorative Theory - theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage
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Psychoactive Drugs
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Hallucinogens- Cause the brain to alter its interpretation of sensations and can produce sensory distortions
Marijuana-mild hallucinogen (also known as “pot” or “weed”) derived from the leaves and flowers of a particular type of hemp plant
PCP- synthesized drug now used as an animal tranquilizer that can cause stimulant, depressant, narcotic, or hallucinogenic effects
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Psychological Dependence - the feeling that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being
Drug Tolerance - the decrease of the response to a drug over repeated uses, leading to the need for higher doses of drug to achieve the same effect
Withdrawal - physical symptoms that can include nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, and high blood pressure, resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body systems
Physical Dependence - condition occurring when a person’s body becomes unable to function normally without a particular drug
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Hypnosis
Social Role-Playing - changing of one's behavior to assume a role, either unconsciously to fill a social role, or consciously to act out an adopted role
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Waking Consciousness - Thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized
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Altered State of Consciousness - Shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness
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