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Climate Factors (Elevation (image, The higher you go, the less air there…
Climate Factors
Elevation
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The higher you go, the less air there is above you which means less pressure. As the pressure decreases the air expands. This makes the temperature decrease thus it gets colder the higher you go.
The best example for elevation that I could find is Mt. Everest. Since Mt. Everest is the highest point on the globe, you'll be a lot colder when you're up there than when you're on the ground,
Relief
A great example of relief is British Columbia. In British Columbia, there are lots of mountains near the water. The wind comes and picks up the water and runs into the mountain bringing it upward to form a cloud that will then rain down.
Relief is when wind picks up water that runs into something. The wind is forced upward bringing the water molecules with it. The water gets condensed into a cloud which then rains down.
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Air masses and wind
Air masses and wind bring parts of another climate to a different place. For example wind could carry cold air from Canada to America and make it colder around Detroit.
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A good example is in the prairies where it's flat throughout so the wind can take the other climates really easily to other places.
Latitude
Latitude
Latitude is lines that go from east to west. The higher degree on latitude you are the colder you are.
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A great example of latitude is the north pole. It's so high in latitude and is extremely far from the sun. It's all snowy and cold there because it doesn't get much radiation from the sun.
Bodies of water
Water cools up and heats quicker than solid land. This means if you live near water at the end of winter, you will be warmer than people who don't live near water. Also, during winter the tides bring in warmer water so it's still pretty warm for people who live near water.
A good example is lake Superior. Winter will start but the tides will bring in warmer water making things warmer and easier to live in.
Ocean currents
Ocean currents bring different water to different places. It brings warm water to cold places and cold water to warm places. It normally brings cold water to warm places. 
People who live near Hudson Bay would experience ocean currents and they would get warmer water while the cold water gets dragged out.