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Lupus (SLE) (Clinical Manifestations (Fever, Fatigue, Weight Changes,…
Lupus (SLE)
Clinical Manifestations
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Cardiovascular: Pericarditis, myocarditis, pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis
Pulmonary: Pnemonitis, pneumonia, pulmonary bleeding
Neuropsychiatric: Cognitive impairment, psychosis, seizures, headache, mood disorders, peripheral neuropathy
Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
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Hematologic: Leukopenia, lymphocytopenia, and anemia
Incidence/Prevelance
Affects 30-50:100,000 people
Annual incidence of 1.6-7.6:100,000
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Black women have the highest incidence of SLE and usually have poorer outcomes, decreased access to health care and more disease related manifestations compared to white populations.
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Risk Factors
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Environmental Factors: sunlight exposure, thermal burn injury, etc.
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Certain drugs like; chlorpromazine, hydralazine, isoniazid, methlydopa, procainamide, quinidine.
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Treatment/Goals
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Give Corticosteroids, Antimalarial drugs, and immunosuppressive agents.
Pathogenesis
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Manifests as a relapsing-remitting illness that results in acute attacks separated by asymptomatic periods at a time.
References
Uribe, L. P. M., & Barous, T. R. M. F. (2018). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. CINAHL Nursing Guide.
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Diagnostic Tests
Erythocyte Sedimentation test to determine the rate at which red blood cells settle to the bottom a tube in a hour.
Complete blood count (RBC, WBC, Plts, Hgb, albumin, etc.) Results may display that the patient may have anemia which commonly occurs in lupus.
Kidney and Liver Assessment. Lupus can affect these organs so it's good to make sure they are functioning properly.
Urinalysis can show an increase level of protein in the urine which means the kidney may have been affected by the kidneys.
Antinuclear antibody test should be given. A positive test for the presence of these antibodies may indicate a stimulated immune system.
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