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Chemistry B (Gas Laws & Phases of Matter (gas pressure (occurs because…

- - - - low density -> because of the space between molecules
      - compression & expansion -> gases expand to fill their containers; more dense in a smaller container
      - diffusion -> as gas particles flow past one another, lighter particles travel more quickly
      - effusion -> the escape of a gas through a tiny hole
  - - - the forces that hold particles together in ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds
        
        within
    - - weaker than intramolecular forces
        
        between
      - 3 types: dispersion forces, diple-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds
- - - - Principle Quantum Number
        
        represented by n
        
        f when l=3
        
        n=1,2,3, infinite
        
        energy level/shell of the electron
        
        can hold 2n^2 electrons
        
        like the state in address
      - Angular Momentum Quantum Number
        
        represented by l
        
        l=0 to (n-1)
        
        sublevels are represented by shapes
        
        s when l=0
        
        p when l-1
        
        d when l=2
        
        like city in address
      - Magnetic Quantum Number
        
        like the street in addresss
        
        represented by m
        
        m= -l to l
        
        shapes have different number of orbitals
        
        s has 1 orbital
        
        p has 3 orbitals
        
        d has 5 orbitals
        
        f has 7 orbitals
      - Spin
        
        like house number in address
        
        represented by s
        
        s= -1/2 or 1/2
        
        used to show spin of electrons within the orbital
        
        like house number in address
- - - - start with limiting reactant
      - find how much excess you've used
      - amount of excess-excess used
- - - - (1mole)/(6.02x10^23) or flipped
    - - of mol of element=subscript
    - - 1 mole=22.4 L
    - - standard temperature (273 K or 0 degrees C) & pressure (1atm or 101.3 kPa)