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Chapter 7 (Theory of Measurement ((Theory of Measurement is a psychometric…

- - - - Two types of measurement errors are random and systematic error.
        
        Random error is the error that can be attributed to a set of unknown and uncontrollable external factors that randomly influence some observations but not others.
        
        Systematic error is an error that is introduced by factors that systematically affect all observations of a construct across an entire sample in systematic manner.
- - - - Content validity is an assessment of how well a set of scale items matches with the relevant content domain of the construct that it is trying to measure.
        
        Criterion-related validity included four sub-types: Convergent, discriminate, concurrent and predictive validity.
        
        Face validity refers to whether an indicator seems to be a reasonable measure of its underlying construct "on its face".
        
        Concurrent validity examines how well one measure relates to other concrete criterion that is presumed to occur simultaneously.
        
        Discriminant validity refers to the degree to which a measure does not measure other constructs that it is not supposed to measure.
- - - - In order to have a complete and adequate assessment of validity must include both theoretical and empirical approaches.
        
        This elaborate multi-stage process is needed to ensure that measurement scales used in our research meets the expected norms of scientific research.
- - - - Split-half reliability is a measure of consistency between two halves of a construct measure.
        
        Internal consistency reliability is a measure of consistency between different items of the same construct.