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Changing Places (The Changing nature and importance of places (Effects of…

- - - - Michigan USA
        
        800km from New York
        
        1950s-80s was 4th largest city
      - US- Canada border- centre for automotive industry
      - Today- 18th largest city in US
      - Founded in 1701
      - Highest crime rate in US
      - 2013- filed for bankruptcy
    - - C19- shipping brought wealth
      - C20- population and spatial growth
        became manufacturing centre
      - Ford and GM- R&D
      - 1.6 million African Americans migrated for jobs
      - Detroit hit peak population in 1950s- 1.85 million
      - Decline of Detroit
        
        Lack of economic diversity
        
        Automation- 100,000s jobs lost
        
        Globalisation- outsourcing
        
        Energy Crisis- 70s and 80s recession
    - - Racism towards black/Hispanic populations
      - 1970s- full of life, vibrant
      - Mid 80s- gangs, violence, abandoned buildings
      - Mostly lower/middle class families
      - Now 4/5 businesses are owned by Hispanics
    - - Music
        
        8 mile by Eminem
        
        Born in Detroit, the Rockets
      - Films
        
        Sister, sister- set in suburban area
        
        Gran Torino- filmed in Centre Line and Royal Oak
      - Advertising
        
        Chrysler- ‘made in Detroit’
        
        Shinola- watch company using brand of Detroit- factory in old GM building
    - - ‘Opportunity’
        ’artist resurgence’
      - ‘Cost of living is low’
      - ‘Buying houses for $1 and a lot of crime’
      - ‘Cool new quirky city’
      - ‘It was the best city on the planet’
    - - Population fell to 700,000
      - On the West Side, the median house price is only $15,000
      - Unemployment is 30%
      - 33% live in poverty
      - 45% of adults are functionally illiterate
      - Abandoned houses- facilitate crack dens, child abduction and sex crimes
      - Approximately 1/3 of Detroit is either
        vacant or derelict
      - Crime
        
        The murder rate in Detroit is 11 times higher than in New York City
        
        There were 377 homicides in Detroit in 2011
        
        Recently, the rate of self defense killings in Detroit has risen to 2200% above the national average
        
        Due to budget cutbacks, police stations are closed to the public for 16 hours a day and the number of police men in the city has halved in ten years
    - - 0% interest loans on home repair
      - Scholarship opportunities for students
      - M1 Rail- $137 million, three mile street car construction
      - Cheap rents and post-industrial spaces have already attracted innovative businesses
      - Orleans Landing- constructing 270 new apartments and retail space on the river front
      - 2012- Mayor Dave Bing announces ‘Detroit Future City’ 50 year plan
        
        Financed in part by Ford Foundation, Kellogg and Kresge:
        
        Blue and green infrastructure to address water and air quality problems
        
        New open space networks
        
        Diversify public transport modes
        
        Reuse old buildings- regeneration
        
        Urban farms as a good use of derelict land
  - - - Location
        
        18 miles south of Cambridge
        43 is miles north of London
      - Demographic
        
        15,000 inhabitants
        mean age 41.5
        90% UK Born
        95.5% white
      - Topography
        
        59m above sea level, Cam Valley
      - Economy
        
        Wealthy, relies on tertiary and quaternary
      - Built Environment
        
        400 listed buildings, 11 Grade 1
      - Land Use
        
        Surrounded by agriculture land, main uses are residential, retail and urban
      - Infrastructure
        
        M11 Junction
        Audley End
        Stansted Airport
    - - Capital
        
        Capital from wool trade (historically)
        New Housing (linden Homes)
        Crocus Trade
        Investment- Saffron Hall
      - Ideas
        
        Gibson Family Bank
        Fry Gallery
        Saffron Screen
        Saffron Hall
      - Resources
        
        Food, Water, Power, Labour
      - People
        
        Labour, Migrants, Tourists
      - Investment
        
        Chesterford Science Park
        Genome Campus
        Linden Homes
        Kier Building Company
        TNCS
      - Arrival of Saxons and Normans