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Chemistry (Elements important for living things (Phosphorus- It is…
Chemistry
Elements important for living things
Phosphorus
- It is important for energy transfer in cells as part of ATP
Oxygen
- eeded by most life forms on Earth to survive. It is the third most abundant element in the universe and the most abundant element
Nitrogen
- it is a major part of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins and of nucleic acids such as DNA
Carbon
- able to form with other elements - all molecules in the body contain carbon
hydrogen
- Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen and is absorbed by the cells of the body
Definition
Atom
- Basic unit of matter/ Smallest particle of an element still retains the properties of that element is an
elements-
- A pure substance made of only one kind of atom (can't be broken down into simpler substances)- combined to form compounds (make the majority of substances
compounds
- A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
Molecules
- two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds/ Smallest unit of most compounds
Structure of an atom
Protons
- it has a positive electric charge (+), an atomic mass of one atomic unit and is located in the very center of an atom
Neutrons
it has no electric charge, but has a mass of one atomic unit. Located in the nucleus.
Electrons
- has a negative charge = almost has no mass located outside of the nucleus
Isotopes- the same element has different masses from variations in the number of neutrons
States of Matter (Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.)
Gas
- A state of matter with no definite shape or volume
Liquid
- A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume
Solid
- A form of matter that has a definite shape and volume
Elements
Ex: Magnesium
Element: Magnesium, Symbol: Mg, Shells: 3 (columns), valence electrons:2 (row), neutrons:12, electrons:12, Protons:12 (protons and electrons= the same, Atomic # 12
Compound- Make up majority of substances, element - basic component of matter
matter- occupies mass
Ionic bond
- A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions
A chemical bond
that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
Polar/hydrogen bond
- a covalent bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared unequally
chemical bonds
Ionic Bonds – bonds between ionic atoms with opposite charges
Covalent Bonds – bonds between atoms that share electrons in order to complete the valence shells of each atom
Poar bonds- ne side or pole which is negative and another which is positive.- not equally shared electrons
Valence shell - electrons located furthest from the nucleus
Valence electrons - electrons located on the outmost shell
Maximum number of valence electrons= 8 except for hydrogen and helium
circle= # row---
dots= column/
neutrons= # on corner(weight)- atomic # (but before subtraction round the atomic mass
Protons= Atomic #
Chemical bonding-( # of dots dependent n # of row )
mono- 1, di- 2, tri-3, tetra-4, penta-5, hexa-6, hepta-7, octo-8