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Painkiller [Analgesic] (Side-Affects of Medicines (Paracetomol (There are…
Painkiller [Analgesic]
These are the definition of the different medications types:
Opioid Medication
: Opioid Medication is highly addictive Painkillers which consistently include morphine or other addicting drugs and is only given and available within a prescription
Non-opioid Painkillers:
Non-opioid Painkillers contain Paracetamol which is commonly available general Supermarkets and Medication Shops
Anti-inflammatory Drugs
: Many medications Like Ibuprofen or Naproxen are drugs which don't cause inflammation to any part of the body and can be bought over certain pharmacy counters with a need of a prescription
Compound Painkillers
: Compound Painkillers are two different painkillers combined into one medication
Functions of Different Painkillers:
Non-Opioid PainKillers and Anti Inflammatory Drugs
Mainly used for Mild to Moderate Pain which can Include Headaches or Injuries
Opoid PainKillers
Mainly treated for moderate to severe pain caused by an serious injury, surgery, or Arthritis
Compound Painkillers
Used for treating Mild-to-Moderate Pain (the same function as Non-Opoid Painkillers)
Definition of Analgesics:
They can also be considered as Painkillers
The releive pain symptoms and medications differ from the severity of the Pain itself
These are the following examples of Painkillers:
Non-opioid painkillers
Paracetamol + Codeine = Co-codamol
Asprin
Compound painkillers
Codeine
Dihydrocodeine
Opioid painkillers
Morphine
Fentanyl
Tramadol
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Side-Affects of Medicines
Paracetomol
There are very rare cases on the side effects of Paracetamol which are;
1) Severe Rashes
2) Liver Damage (If taken at high doses)
3) Kidney Problems (If taken at high doses)
The quantity given of this medication is low due to its huge risks of damage
Aspirin
Aspirins can cause major problems to stomach at over doses in which children under 16 years shouldn't ingest aspirins are mainly not for;
1) People over the age of 65 years
2) People who have asthma
3) People who sever liver or kidney failure
4) People who have allergies towards aspirin
Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen can either be bought in specific varieties which are;
1) Tablets
2) Liquid (Syrup)
3) Capsule
These are the current situations that Ibuprofen
SHOULDN'T
be taken;
1) If had stomach ulcer
2) If have severe heart failure or liver disease
3) If have Asthma
4) If have any blood pressure disease
Ibuprofen can interact with the other medicines causing them not to function and increasing more health damage
Non-Inflammatory Drugs
The are multiple (possible) side affects which are;
1) Stomach aches
2) feeling sick
3) Diarrhea
4) Drowsiness
5) Feeling dizzy
6) Stomach Ulcers
Compound Painkillers
Most common side effects of Compound Painkillers are;
1) Heartburn
2) Feeling dizzy
3) Constipation
4) Ingestion
Opioid Painkillers
Multiple side-effects of Opioid Painkillers mainly include;
1) Feeling sick
2) Constipation
3) Not having the capacity to concentrate
4) Breathing problems
5) (Rare cases) Drug Addiction
How do Pain Relievers Work?
Reactions of the Medications (Generally)
1) Aspirin and Ibuprofen block the production of damaged cells producing tuning chemicals and these also refereed as "Prostaglandins"
2) When cells are damaged, they release a chemical acid known as "Arachidonic Acid"
3) Two enzymes which are called COX-1 and COX-2 convert Arachidonic Acid into "Prostaglandin H2" that is later on converted into other chemicals which include; raise of body temperature, cause inflammation and lower the pain threshold
4) COX-1 and COX-2 both have a reaction site in which itself takes place in which Arachidonic Acid fits perfectly into the reaction site
5) In these active sites; Aspirin and Ibuprofen do their work
Aspirin
Aspirin acts like a twitch in which
permanently
it enters the active site and breaks apart leaving half of it blocking the site making it
Impossible
for the Arachidonic Acid to fit in which results from COX-1 and COX-2 to deactivate permanently
IBUPROFEN
Ibuprofen, however, enters the active site which doesn't change or break the enzyme; COX-1 and COX-2 can remove the Ibuprofen but for a specific amount of time the medication stays in the active site making the Arachidonic Acid impossible (for a specific amount of time) to fit in
Introduction to Pain and how They Work
1) The sensation of extreme discomfort is also considered as pain which makes you do something
2) There are people with such cases that
don't
feel pain, which makes the person be hurt or hurt themselves without knowing
3) Pain is also considered a warning system which protects you from the world around and within yourself
4) The nerves which detect pain are also referred to as "Noiciceptors" they conduct electrical signals sending information to the brain
5) Nociceptors would only "trigger" when something is causing damage to the body
6) If the pain threshold is high then it makes nociceptors "trigger" at a certain point
7) Certain chemicals manage or decrease the threshold which makes feeling pain much less
8) When cells are damaged inferior or internally; they release tuning chemicals for the pain threshold to decrease resulting in where touch could also cause pain
For Referance
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mcuIc5O-DE
For Reference
https://www.versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/treatments/drugs/painkillers-and-nsaids/
Primary resource from Nurse Rozina Khowaja AKU
