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Biology Ch 27 (Bacteria (Facts about Bacteria/Prokaryotes (Bacteria…
Biology Ch 27
Bacteria
Bacteria
a member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some which can cause disease.
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Bacterial cell walls
Most bacterial cell walls contain PEPTIDOGLYCAN, a polymer composed of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptide. This molecular fabric encloses the entire bacterium and anchors other molecules that extend from its surface.
A peptidoglycan cell wall composed of disaccharides and amino acids gives bacteria structural support. The bacterial cell wall is often a target for antibiotic treatment.
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Metabolisms
In a process called CONJUGATION, DNA is transferred between two prokaryotic cells (usually of the same species) that are temporarily joined.
A Bacterial conjugation extends the pilus that attatches to a recipient cell, a key first step in the transfer of DNA. The pilus is a flexible tube of protein subunits.
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The ability to form a pili and donate DNA during conjugation results from the presence of a particular piece of DNA called the F FACTOR. The factor can exist either as plasmid or as a segment of DNA within the bacterial chromososme.
The F Factor as a plasmid is called the F Plasmid. Cells containing the F Plasmid function as DNA donors during conjugation.
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Nitrogen Metabolism
It is the polymeric nitrogen containing compounds proteins and nucleic acids that define the major attributes of organism such as function and structure. Operation and mechanism of metabolic pathways is provided by proteins. Genetic information is stored in nucleic acid polymers.
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Nitrogen fixation is a chemical processes by which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds, especially by certain microorganisms as part of the nitrogen cycle.
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