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Chapter 27 (27.4 (Extremophiles-include extreme halophiles and…

- - - - absent
        
        absent
        
        some hydrocarbons
        
        several kinds
        
        methionine
        
        present in some genes
        
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  - - - Membrane enclosed organelles- absent
        
        peptideoglycan in cell wall- present
        
        membrane lipids-unbranched hydrocarbons
        
        RNA polymerase-onekind
        
        Initatior amino acid for protein synthesis-formylmethionine
        
        introns in genes-very rare
        
        1 more item...
  - - - present
        
        absent
        
        unbranched hydrocarbons
        
        several kinds
        
        methionine
        
        present in many genes
        
        1 more item...
- - - - Circular Chromosomes
    - - Plasmids- small replicating DNA
        
        Binary Fission- reproduction of 2s
  - - - Taxis- direct movement to and from stimulus
        
        Flagella
        
        Hook
        
        Motor
        
        Filament
    - - Endospheres are cells the are more resistant when lacking water or nutrients
      - Fimbriae are hair-like appendages that help to stick to things
      - Pili are used to pull cells together and transfer DNA
- - - - Transduction-Carry prokaryotic genes from one cell to another via virsues
        
        Conjugation-DNA is transferred between 2 cells that are temp. joined
        
        Obligate Aerobes-O2 is used for cellular respiration and fermintaion
        
        Biofilms- Surface coating colony of one or more species of prokaryotic that engage in metabolic cooperation
        
        Photoautotrophic
        
        LIght energy
        
        2 more items...
        
        Chemoautotrophic
        
        Inorganic compunds energy
        
        2 more items...
        
        AUTOTROPH
        
        HETEROTROPH
        
        Photoheterotroph
        
        1 more item...
        
        Chemoheterotroph
        
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        Obligate Anaerobic- uses nitrate ions,sulfate
        
        Faculatative Anaerobes-Carry out fermentation or respiration in anaerobic environments
        
        F Plasmid-F+ contains it: F- does not
        
        R Plasmids- Resistance genes to drugs
- - - - Symbiosis- Host and Symbiont
        
        Mutual ism-both benefit
        
        commensalism-one benefits and other isnt effected
        
        Parasitism-a parasite harms the host and can cause pathogens: mainly prokaryotic