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CONSCIOUSNESS (SLEEP (SLEEP DISORDERS (REM behavior disorder (RBD) =…
CONSCIOUSNESS
SLEEP
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SLEEP DISORDERS
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Insomnia = Disorder in which a person is unable to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep
Narcolepsy = Disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning
THEORIES OF SLEEP
Adaptive theory = suggests that inactivity at night is an adaptation that served a survival function by keeping organisms out of harm's way at times when they would be particularly vulnerable.
Restorative theory = states that sleep allows for the body to repair and replete cellular components necessary for biological functions that become depleted throughout an awake day
DREAMS
Activation-information-mode model (AIM) = information that is accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams
Wish fulfillment = Freud's though of dreams. Manifest content: the dream itself. Latent content: the true, hidden meaning of a dream
Activation-synthesis hypothesis = dreams are created by higher centers of cortex to explain the brain stem’s activation of cortical cells during REM sleep periods
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PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS
STIMULANTS
Amphetamines = drugs that are synthesized (made in labs) rather than found in nature. ex. methamphetamine, crystal meth
Cocaine = produces euphoria, energy, power, and pleasure
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Caffeine = stimulant found in coffee, tea, most sodas, chocolate, and even many over-the-counter drugs
DEPRESSANTS
Opiates = suppress sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating the nervous system’s natural receptor sites for endorphins.
Tranquilizers = used to reduce anxiety, fear, tension, agitation, and related states of mental disturbance.
Alcohol = the chemical resulting from fermentation or distillation of various kinds of vegetable matter
HALLUCINOGENS
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PCP (Phencyclidine) = “dissociative” anesthetic, sedative and anesthetic effects are trance-like, People using PCP experience a feeling of being “out of body” and detached from their environment.
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DEPENDENCE
Psychological dependence = Ingesting substances on a regular basis, which causes the body to adapt to function with it.
Drug tolerance = pharmacological concept describing subjects' reduced reaction to a drug following its repeated use.
Withdrawal = irritability, and a strong craving for the substance.
Physical dependence = physical condition caused by chronic use of a tolerance-forming drug, in which abrupt or gradual drug withdrawal causes unpleasant physical symptoms.
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HYPNOSIS
Dissociation - Hypnosis works only in a person’s immediate consciousness, while a hidden “observer” remained aware of all that was going on
Social role-playing = Social-cognitive theory of hypnosis = people who are hypnotized not in an altered state
STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Waking consciousness = thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized
Altered state of consciousness = shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness