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EMILE DURKHEIM - How is Social Order possible - STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM…
EMILE DURKHEIM
- How is Social Order possible -
STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM
Social change results in different underlying connections between people
ANOMIE=absence of norms
Social facts must be studied as THINGS, realites external to the individual
AGENCY
-producing &
STRUCTURE
-reproducing.
Sociology tries to connect both
DIVISON OF LABOUR is the result of POPULATION GROWTH
Social Cohesion is different in modern vs traditional societes
2 TYPES OF SOLIDARITY-
MECHANICAL
(premodern such as tribes & agricultural society) vs
ORGANIC
(modern)
MECHANICAL SOCIET
Y-has
REPRESSIVE LAWS
(revenge, deterrance)
ORGANIC SOCIETY
has
RESTITUIVE LAWS
(restoring normal way of life)
RULES OF THE SOCIOLOGICAL METHOD= social existence is a precondition for people, social facts continute to exist while individuals die & new people aree born
ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM-FUNCITONALISM
= casual explanations are insufficient, we need a FUNCTIONALISTIC one. WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF A SOCIAL FACTS FOR THE WHOLE SYSTEM
CRIME
is normal, happens in every society. An act is criminal because it shocks
the collective consience.
Crime enhances
SOCIAL COHESION
by defining deviant behavior. Crime prevents rigidty of society & leads to changes
People are creatures with boundaryless desires, so society needs to establish boundaries
SOCIALISATION
-important for social integration, for the development of collective consience & reproduction of homogenity
MORAL ACT-
made for the good of the collective & within the boundaries of socially accepted norms (Politics & Science are servants of the ideal of a morally healthy society)
SUICIDE
shows STRONG social regularities. Northern Europe -Southern Europe, Protestants-Catholics-Jews
reason for that is
SOCIAL INTEGRATION.
Catholics more integrated than Protestants. Jews have the strongest integration. Northern Europe less integrated than South
INTERMEDIATE GROUP
is the cluster of people you are connectedwith
Stronger Cohesion
-Lower suicide rate, Family & Religion are intermediate groups. One of their norms is dissapproval of suicide
4 TYPES OF SUICIDE
-
ALTRUISTIC
(too much integration) vs
EGOSITIC
(not enough integration),
ANOMIC
(too little regulation) vs
FATALISTIC
(too much regulation)
so.. EGOSITIC-unmarried people, protestants. ALTRUSITIC-suicide terrorists, kamikaze pilots, ANOMIC-increased financial crisis, FATALISTIC-members of suicide sect
all socities categorize things as
SACRED (HOLY)
or
PROFANE (everyday)
feelings & behaviors toward sacred objects is the essence of religion (RITUALS)
STRUCTURAL things- GROUPS (social structure) & NORMS (cultural structure)
FUNCTIONALISM means that GROUPS & NORMS have a function for society
ORDER vs VIOLENCE are 2 indicators of COHESION.
CONNECTEDNESS vs DETACHMENT