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HIV/AIDS, He probably acquired HIV through direct contact (blood or body…
HIV/AIDS
He probably acquired HIV through direct contact (blood or body fluids)
After several years, HIV has compromised his immune system causing AIDS
Upstream effects
34 year old male; Recent AIDS diagnosis; Preceding HIV positive; Break from HIV diagnosis to AIDS symptoms
Background
Lymphatic system
Organs
Lymph nodes
Inguinal
Cervical
Tonsils
Palatine
Pharyngeal
Linguinal
Axillary
Thymus
Spleen
Bone marrow
Stem cells
Lymphoid progenator cells
B cells
1 more item...
T cells
3 more items...
NK cells
1 more item...
Myeloid progenator cells
Neutrophils
1 more item...
Eosinophils
1 more item...
Basophils
1 more item...
Monocytes and macrophages
1 more item...
Defense
Viruses
Infection of tissue
Surface antigen appearance
Cytotoxic T cell activation
1 more item...
NK cell stimulation
1 more item...
Interferon release
Increased resistance to infection & spread
Infection or uptake by APCs
Antigen presentation
Helper T cells activation
1 more item...
Bacteria
Phagocytosis by macrophages & APCs
Antigen presentation
Helper T cell activation
1 more item...
Cytotoxic T cell activation
1 more item...
Immune response
Antigen
Innate (nonspecific)
NK cells, macrophages
Complement system
Attack by circulating proteins
1 more item...
Adaptive (specific)
Cell mediated
CD 8 T cells
3 more items...
Antibody mediated
CD 4 T cells
2 more items...
Vaccines
Weakened or dead antigens
Trigger the immune system to develop antibodies and memory cells to respond to future infections
Antibodies
Immune system is prepared to fight in the future
Immune system problems
Allergy (overactive immune response)
Immune system over responds and/or does not decrease response causing swelling and congestion
Autoimmune disorder
Immune system views normal body cells as abnormal and attacks them
HIV
A retrovirus that attacks CD 4 helper T cells impairing the immune systems ability to fight infection
AIDS
The syndrome of having a compromised immune response due to HIV
Downstream effects
HIV is destroying his helper T cells impairing the ability of his adaptive immune system to block entry of viruses, produce antibodies, and activate other aspects of his immune response
He is going ot be more susceptible to infections
His innate immune system still works, but HIV is destroying his adaptive immune response to infections outside of his body's known catalogue
If entirely untreated, he will pass away prematurely because his deficient immune system will eventually fail to prevent an infection from becoming lethal
Cannot enter DNA or RNA; much larger than viruses
Can enter DNA or RNA; much smaller than bacteria
Sources: Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11th Edition (class text);
https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html