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Cell Structure (Cell Structure (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- System of…
Cell Structure
Cell Structure
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- System of membrane that channels materials needed for making lipids (fats, oils, waxes, steroid, hormones)
Golgi apparatus- System of membrane that puts finishing touches on protein and then packaged them for export out of the cell (secretion)
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum- System of membrane studded with ribosomes that channels materials needed for making proteins.
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Mitochondria- organelle that transfers energy found in the chemical bonds of sugar into chemical bonds of ATP molecules. ATP had the right amount of energy to process a single cell process.
Chromatin- The normal form of DNA associated with proteins within nucleus that is organized so that genes are available for decoding
Nucleus- Double membraned organelle that holds and protects the genetic information held in the DNA of a cell
Microfilament- Composed of a fatty substance and often containing embedded transport proteins it controls what gets into and out if the cell
Cell membrane (plasma membrane)- Part of the cytoskelton, serves to give support and shape to the cell, as well as serve as pathways for motor proteins to transport substances around the cell
Centriole- Structure composed of micortubles which serves as a anchor point for the cytoskelton & has a role in cell division helping to pull and segregate cell structures into opposite sides of the cell.
Microtubule- Part of the cytoskelton,serves to support the cell membrane and give shape to the cell
Phospholipids- Forms a bilayer and is the major component of the membrane separating the inside from the outside of the cell.
Cholesterol- Helps prevent the membrane from solidifying or breaking apart so that it remains fluid and stable.
Proteins- Has many functions including helping to transport substances inside and outside of the cell, helping with cell recognition and as receptor molecules for multiple purposes.
Carbohydrates- Helps to form a protective layer on the exterior of the membrane and helps in cell recognition
Diffusion is the movement of particles in a solution from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
The phosphate heads always face water and the fatty acid tails always face each other because the phosphate heads hate water so the only way to get farther from it is by going to the top. while the tails join together in the middle because they like the water.
passive transport - facilitated diffusion: transport is responsible for getting polar, ionic and larger molecules across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to area of lower concentration
Active Transport - Phagocytosis: transport is responsible for getting small non-polar molecules such as Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide across the cell membrane
Facilitated diffusion relies on a protein channel to transport larger, polar or ionic molecules across the cell membrane. Each protein is specific for a particular molecule and the plans for the construction of the protein is contained in the DNA of the cell.
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Cell Theory:
- Cells are the fundamental unit of life
- All organisms are made up of cells
- All Cells come from other cells
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chloroplast- Double membraned organelle that takes free energy from the sun and deposits that energy into the bonds of sugar molecules (found in a plant & some protista cells)
vacuoles- Membrane bound bubble used for storing materials such as food and water (very prominent in plants)
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lysosome- Membrane bound bubble filled with digestive enzymes used to break down proteins so that their parts can be recycled by the cell
Osmosis- special type of diffusion in which water moves through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
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Polar molecule- a molecule that has charged parts or poles resulting from unequal sharing of electrons bonding the atoms in the molecule.
Non-polar molecule- a molecule that is neutral/not charged resulting from equal sharing of electrons bonding the atoms in the molecule.
Diffusion- movement of particles in a fluid from an area of high particle concentration to an area of low particle concentration until evenly distributed in the fluid.
Solvent- a substance that dissolves (takes individual molecules off a solid grouping) a solute in a solution
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Osmosis: is the movement of water through a semi-preamble area from a low solute concentration to high solute concentration area.