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Roots (other types of roots and root modifications (prop roots (monocots…
Roots
other types of roots and root modifications
storage roots
srore
carbohydrates
from summer photosynthesis
only living portion of plane
bianuale some
some perennials
grow new above ground planet
prop roots
monocots
stem develops roots
roots grow downward through air
make contact w soil
prop up plant
normal root functions
buttress
brace trunk
strong winds
mangroves
brace rooy
tides
storms
Aerial roots
orchids
epiphytic
live attached to branches of trees
root epidermis
velamen
dead cells
prevent roots from becoming dry
contractile roots
pull stem downward
into soil
stabalization
caused by
chand in cortex shape
mycorrhizae
symbiotic relation w soil fiungi
ectomycorrhizal
woody forest plants
fungal hyphae
penetrate outermost root cortex
endomycorrhizal
herbaceous lants
funhal hyphae
penetrate TO epidermis
form arbuscule
phosphorus
to plant
root modules
nitrogen fization
chemical conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into usable compounds
often done by
bacteria
rhizobium
forms tube
infection thread
mitosis
root nodule
paracitistic
haustoria
penetrate host
absorb nutrients
not adequate for growth in soil
internal stricture of roots
root cap
provides
protection
apical meristem
growth pattern
cells closest to merostem
divide
push other cells forward
growth through edge of root cap
cells develop starch in ER
detect gravity
#
secrete mucigel
#
exocytosis
cells lateral to meristem
divide
push cells out
apical meristem
cell division
root elongation
quiescent center
inactive centeral region
become active if
apical meristem is damaged
contingent for
sharp objects
burrowing animals
nematodes
pathogenic fungi
takes on role of
apical meristem
resistant to
harmful agents
radiation
toxic chemicals
zones
division
elongation
maturation
root hairs develop
absorption
water
minerals
cuticle forms
cortex enlarges
diffusion
water
types
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minerals
endodermis
tangential walls
casperian strip
impermiable
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houses vascular tissue
pericycle
first cells within endodermis
initiate lateral root growth
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behind apical meristem
cells enlarge
differentiate
pattern
outermost cells
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center
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inbetween
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cells expand
Concepts
Major functions
absorption
water
minerals
paricitistic
modified roots
dogger
mistletoe
production
hormones
shoot growth
cytokinin
gibberellin
anchoring
substrate
soil
climbing plants
vertical growth
Ivy
vines
carbohydrate storage
#
fleshy taproots
winter survival
ex
carrots
beets
raddishes
vegetative reproduction
horizontal spreading
willows
sorrel
protection
modified roots
"spines
crysophilia
palms
mauritia
shape
cilindrical
External structure
Organization of root systems
prominent taproot
largest root
lateral root/ branch roots
extend from tap root
produce more lateral roots
highly ramified root set
develops from
radical
embryonic root
present from germination
** parenial/woody
secondary growth
wood
bark
fibrous root system
mass of similarly sized roots
radical death
immideatly after
durring
germination
root primordia
base of gadical
grow out
1st stages
adventitious roots
increase
absorption
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transport
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general growth
eudicots
perrenial
secondary growth
functional wood (xylem)
trunks
leaves
roots
fine
absorbative
monocots
no secondary growth
prior to stemformation
no increase in conducting capacity
set number of
tracheary elements
sieve tubes
no "extra leaves"
except through
stolons
horizontal root branches
adventitious roots
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rhizomes
Structure of individual roots
root tip
region of
growth(length)
meristematic region
apical growth
pushes through soil
protected by root cap
thick layer of cells
deteriorates
renewed by
cell multiplication
dictosomes
secrete
mucigel
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zone of elongation
behind
cells undergo
dixision
ezpansion
root hair zone
behind
epidermal cells extend outward
trichomes
root hairs
increase surface area
can enter any crevice
extract
water
minerals
carbonic acid
how they know what downward is
specific types
mucigel production and use
