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E219 Week 18 Representation in Adolescence (‘executive loaded working…

- - - - is it?? I think it's freedom and lack of experience of consequence. (chuck alcohol in !!)
    - - of course !!
    - - continued and significant change in brain physiology and structure (Blakemore and Choudhury, 2006), particularly in relation to the prefrontal cortex,
    - - https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1446330&section=1.1
      - Miyake and Friedman (2012) define EF as a set of general-purpose control processes that regulate thoughts and behaviours. They consider the following as important components of EF:
        
        Updating – weird name last 3 words- not reliable
        
        Set shifting –adapting strategy
        
        Inhibition – which involves the deliberate overriding of dominant or prepotent responses: for example, stopping yourself from being aggressive if someone insults you (survival technique!).
      - VARIETY OF DEFINITIONS/BELIEFS
      - Adele Diamond (2013) -a* set of top-down mental processes that are brought into play when you have to concentrate and pay attention, for example, where just behaving on impulse is either likely to fail or not possible.
        
        Working memory –.
        
        Inhibitory control – do what might be more appropriate..
        
        Cognitive flexibility – builds on working memory and inhibitory control- much later in development. One aspect involves being able to change perspectives spatially or interpersonally. To change perspective, we need to inhibit our previous perspective and load a different one into our working memory
        
        Tower of London task
        
        Comment- You could have suggested that working memory, cognitive flexibility and updating are involved in this task, and maybe other EF abilities as well.
        
        https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1446330&section=1.1
        
        eg of multi implementation of EF
- - - - https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1446330&section=2.1.2
      - impairments in EF linked to autistic-spectrum disorders, communication impairments, dyslexia, ADHD, to name but a few conditions.*
      - when on auto pilot not engaging EF
      - consequences for children whose development is atypical?
  - - - https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1446330&section=3.1
      - how act at 4 linked to 18 !
      - 'training' such as ‘Handgame’- based on work by Alexander Luria (1973).
        
        3 yr olds fail, 4 yr olds pass
      - Stroop task
        
        words in diff coloured ink
        
        3 yr olds no use as cannot read!
        
        left prefrontal cortex and related regions
        
        higher levels of activation were found in young adults (18–22 years) than in adolescents (12–16 years), and in adolescents than in children (7–11 years)