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Religion Edward VI (Religious Change Under Northumberland (Wider political…
Religion Edward VI
Religious Change Under Northumberland
Wished to continue Protestant reforms from Somerset
Wanted to take more wealth from the Church
Wider political context made Northumberland more radical
Cranmer was becoming more radical + less cautious
More radical Book of Common Prayer in
1552
Removal of 'conservative' ceremonies so Conservatives no longer accepted anything in the book
Rewriting of baptism, confirmation + burial services to make them more easily understood and showed Cranmer's desire for greater simplicity
Radical reform of communion service replacing wafer with bread to make it less ambiguous after 1549 Payer Book - this showed influence of Zwinglianism in the Eucharist declaration 'in remembrance'
Ban of 'popish' vestments which were seen as superstitious and simpler vestment were used
Restriction on church music which was thought to hinder religious understanding and greater simplicity was sought after
Radical senior clergy - Nicholas Ridley, John Hooper
Continental reformers had moved to England - Peter Martyr + close links between English reformers + Swiss reformer Heinrich Bullinger who was part of a Zwinglian Reformation
IMPORTANT: Increasing influence of Edward VI who took his role as head of the Church very seriously and wanted to destroy the worship of idols
Cranmer's Forty-Two Articles of Religion - firmly protestant but some ambiguity over type of Protestant
Policy of asset stripping after financial losses of the protectorate
Plundering of property of bishoprics
Dioceses of Gloucester + Worcester combined + 2/3 of Worcester estate went to crown + bishops of Winchester + Exeter made made 'grants' of property
Religious Change Under Somerset
Somerset was Protestant and welcomed radicals such as John Hooper + Thomas Becon into the Household
Religious policy under Somerset was cautious
Moderate Book of Common Prayer (
1549
) - Archbishop Cranmer
Uniform services within Church of England
Translate to English
Ambiguous Eucharist declaration that could still accept transubstantiation
However, Somerset did consistently attack popular religious practices
1547:
Denunciation of images in London reflected radical attitudes of churchmen such as Nicholas Ridley - iconoclasm
1547
: Injunctions attacking popular features of Catholicism such as lights, images, stained glass, processions and practices during Candlemas, Ash Wednesday + Palm Sunday
Attacked every day ways of worship of ordinary people
1547:
Dissolution of Chantries, guilds + Lay Brotherhoods + property seized by crown to pay for foreign policy
Destroyed a way of connecting the dead to their communities
Confiscated money that had previously been vital for charities, feasts + celebrations
Widespread fear of further attack on the Church
1549:
Book of Common Prayer which was more moderate than 1547 reform
Impact on society of religious changes
Expenditure on Church goods declined after 1540 as people did not want to leave money to the Church if it was to be confiscated + so people also less likely to leave money to the parish church in their wills but this could also have been due to less affection because of the getting rid of special funds, plays and the introduction of plainer services
Also decline in attendance of church such as in Exeter
Decline in number of candidates to become priests which could have led to a manpower shortage in the Church
This all contributed to a crisis at parish level especially due to the fear of crown attacks on church plate which was confiscated after 1553 which attacked the history and finance of parishes which created a climate of distrust + disobedience