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CHAPTER 1 – INTRO MICRO ('Chemical Methods of Microbial Control'…

- - - - ✔ Boiling Water: Heat to 100oC. Kills vegetative forms of bacterial pathogens, almost all viruses, and fungi and their spores within 10 minutes or less
        ✔ Steam Heat (Autoclave): Autoclave Temperature of steam reaches 121oC killed within 15 minutes
    - - ✔ Direct Flaming: Used to sterilize inoculating loops and needles. Heat metal until it has a red glow.
      - ✔ Incineration: Effective way to sterilize disposable items (paper cups, dressings) and biological waste
      - ✔ Hot Air Sterilization (Oven): 2 hours at 170oC for sterilization
- - - -  Disadvantages: denatures proteins
         Used as skin antiseptic in surgery, Stains skin and clothes
  - - - o Bactericidal, tuberculocidal, and viricidal in 10 minutes.
        o Sporicidal in 3 to 10 hours.