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Macrovascular complication (Symptoms (Chest pains, leg pains, confusion,…
Macrovascular complication
Definition
Diabetic complication due to damage to larger blood vessels
include cardiovascular diseases eg. heart attack and strokes
Cause
Decreased blood flow to heart muscle or brain leading to stroke
Symptoms
Chest pains
leg pains
confusion
paralysis
Treatment
controlling smoking
controlling high blood pressre
controlling obesity
metformin
Pathophysiology
Decreased nitric acid cause vasoconstriction and result in hypertension
increased angiotensin ll increase inflammation and result in release of chemokines,cytokines
increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 result in thrombosis,platelet activation
Diagnostic Test
measure blood pressure
fasting lipid profiles
Nursing care plan
Relieve sensory deprivation and anxiety
implement reality orientation
promote elimination
implement seizures precautions