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CHAPTER 5 THE RESEARCH PROCESS (The Process Perspective (Problem,…
CHAPTER 5 THE RESEARCH PROCESS
The Process Perspective
Problem
Hypotheses
Research Design
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Generalisation
1.Choice of research topic
2.Research problem
2(a).Problem presentation
3.Research design
4.Measurement
5.Data
6.Sample / respondents
7.Analyses
8.Writing (completing the report/thesis)
9.Actions
Measurement
Levels of Research
1.Conceptual (theoretical)
2.Measurement (empirical)
Research and Knowledge
1.Theories/models
2.Concepts
3.Method/techniques
4.Facts
Definitions
Operational definition - a set of procedures that describe the activities to be performed to establish empirically the existence/degree of existence of what is described by a concept.
Conceptual definition - come from various source of literature review whether from the text book, journals article, authentic document(government policy etc.), and various modes of academic presentation/sharing.
Conceptual and Research Framework
Direct effects model
Direct relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable.
Indirect effects model
Indirect relationship between the independent variable, the mediating/moderating variable, and the dependent variable.
Development of Conceptual Framework
Step 1 : Selection of a research problem from the related literature
Step 2 : Verify the pattern of relationship between variables using the related literature
Model A : Relationship between two variables
Model B : Role of mediating variable in the indirect relationship model
Model C : The role of moderating variable in the relationship between variables
Research Framework
The categories of outputs that research can produce.
7 main stages
Prototypical research process/cycle